describe the main features of the French society in 18th century
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The 18th century witnessed the emergence of social groups, middle class.
In addition to merchants and manufacturers, middle class included professions like lawyers or administrative officials.
All were educated and believe that no group in society should be privileged by birth.
They wanted to build a society based on freedom and equal laws.
They demanded the voting in general assembly should be conducted under the principle of one person one vote
In addition to merchants and manufacturers, middle class included professions like lawyers or administrative officials.
All were educated and believe that no group in society should be privileged by birth.
They wanted to build a society based on freedom and equal laws.
They demanded the voting in general assembly should be conducted under the principle of one person one vote
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In the late eighteenth century, the French society was divided into three classes. These are:
1. The First Estate (The Clergy) :
This Estate consisted Archbishops, Bishops and Abbots who governed the Church of France. These held about one fifth of the total land. These paid no taxes themselves. The Church collected the direct tax called tithe (1/10th) from the people.
2. The Second Estate (The Nobles) :
There were about 80,000 noble families. They enjoyed the privileges and did not pay any taxes. They crushed the peasants and collected taxes from them. They acted as judges, prosecutors and juries.
3. The Third Estate (The Common People) :
The majority of population belonged to this Estate, called the Plebians. They were the middle class, peasants and workers. The educated middle class (the bourgeoisie) consisted of doctors, lawyers, teachers, merchants and others. These paid about 50% of their income by the way of taxes. The government did not care for their welfare. They retained only 18% of their income. The farmers owned only two fifth of the land but paid four fifth of the total taxes.
1. The First Estate (The Clergy) :
This Estate consisted Archbishops, Bishops and Abbots who governed the Church of France. These held about one fifth of the total land. These paid no taxes themselves. The Church collected the direct tax called tithe (1/10th) from the people.
2. The Second Estate (The Nobles) :
There were about 80,000 noble families. They enjoyed the privileges and did not pay any taxes. They crushed the peasants and collected taxes from them. They acted as judges, prosecutors and juries.
3. The Third Estate (The Common People) :
The majority of population belonged to this Estate, called the Plebians. They were the middle class, peasants and workers. The educated middle class (the bourgeoisie) consisted of doctors, lawyers, teachers, merchants and others. These paid about 50% of their income by the way of taxes. The government did not care for their welfare. They retained only 18% of their income. The farmers owned only two fifth of the land but paid four fifth of the total taxes.
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