Question

Describe the military campaigns of Akbar.

Answer 1

Akbar had a record of an unbeaten military campaigns that consolidated Mughal rule in the Indian subcontinent.

In 1556-1570 Akbar became independent of the regent Bairam Khan and other members of his domestic staff.Military campaigns were launched against the Suris and other Afghans and other kingdoms of Malwa and Gondwana.

In 1568 he seized the sisodiya capital of Chittor and in 1569 Ranthambhor.

In 1570-1585 He led military campaigns in Gujarat followed by Bengal,Bihar and Orissa.

In 1585- 1605 saw expansion of Akbar's empire.Campaigns were launched in the north-west.Qandhar was seized ,Kashmir was annexed as also Kabul.Campaigns in the Deccan started and Berar,Khandesh and parts of Ahmadnagar were annexed.In the last years of Akbar's reign Prince Salim rebeled several times.

Answer 2

Akbar was accorded the epithet "the Great" due to his many accomplishments, among which was his record of unbeaten military campaigns that both established and consolidated Mughal rule in the Indian subcontinent. The basis of this military prowess and authority was Akbar's skillful structural and organisational calibration of the Mughal army.

The Mansabdari system in particular has been acclaimed for its role in upholding Mughal power in the time of Akbar. The system persisted with few changes down to the end of the Mughal Empire, but was progressively weakened under his successors.

Organisational reforms were accompanied by innovations in cannons, fortifications, and the use of elephants. Akbar also took an interest in matchlocks and effectively employed them during various conflicts. He sought the help of Ottomans, and also increasingly of Europeans, especially Portuguese and Italians, in procuring firearms and artillery.

Mughal firearms in the time of Akbar came to be far superior to anything that could be deployed by regional rulers, tributaries, or by zamindars.

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