Question

Describe the morphological and anatomical evidences of evolution with examples

Answer 1

Morphological and anatomical evidences are proofs of evolutionary relationships as they tell us how similar or how different two organisms are.Similar anatomical structures indicate that the organisms share a common ancestor,while different anatomical features indicate that these organisms have evolved from different ancestors.Various anatomical and morphological evidences of evolution are:

1. Homologous structures:Structures which are similar in anatomy but perform different functions.
Example:Limbs of Lizard and wings of bat.

2.Analogous structures:Structure which are different in anatomy but perform same functions.
Examples:Wings of bat and wings of bird.

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Answer 2

Answer:

Anatomical evidences help us to study how species have evolved over a period of time. Analogous structures support the theory of evolution and explain the fact that how species build up adaptations in order to fit in an environment whereas homologous structures help us to understand common ancestry. For example, if we compare the hands of humans with cat’s foreleg, flipper of whale and patagium of bat, we see that each of these organism use these structures are differently. But still there is a similarity between the structure of bones and joints which indicates that somewhere or the other these animals may have originated from common ancestors. This is an example of homology. Another example which explains analogous features is the arctic fox and the ptarmigan bird, Both of them change colours from dark brown to white during seasonal changes. They do not show common ancestry in way but since, they are found in the same habitat they are adapted to colour change.

Morphological Evidence data used for

Detect and explain patterns of variation

Define the limits of a species

Determine evolutionary relationships

Identify plant species

Provide a classification in agreement with evolutionary relationships