describe the preparation of sodium hydroxide with the diagram .write it's two uses
Answers
Answer:
Method of prepration of sodium hydroxide
It is generally prepared by electrolysis of sodium chloride in Castner-kellner cell. A brine solution is electrolyzed using mercury cathode and carbon anode. Sodium metal, discharged at the cathode, combine with mercury to form sodium amalgam. Cl gas is evolved at the cathode. The amalgam is treated with water to give sodium hydroxide and hydrogen gas.
Reactions:
2Na/Hg+2H
2
O→2NaOH+H
2
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Explanation:
Preparation: When an aqueous solution of sodium chloride (brine) is electrolysed, chlorine gas is liberated at anode and hydrogen gas at cathode. During electrolysis, sodium hydroxide is formed in the solution.
2NaCl(aq) + 2H2O(1)→ 2NaOH(aq) + Cl2(g) + H2(g)
This process is called chlor-alkali process since the products formed are- chlor for chlorine and alkali for sodium hydroxide.
The three products (H2(g), Cl2(g), NaOH)
produced in this process are useful.
Uses: (1) De-greasing of metals. (2) In the preparation of soap and detergent. (3) In purification of petroleum. (4) For making artificial textile fibres. (5) As a reagent in laboratory. (6) For making cotton unshrinkable. (7) In paper industry.