Question

Describe the process of digestion of carbohydrates in human alimentary canal

Answer 1

■ MOUTH:-

♤ FLUID CALLED SALIVA SECRETED BY THE SALIVARY GLANDS.

♤ THE SALIVA CONTAINS AN ENZYME CALLED SALIVARY AMYLASE.

♤ FUNCTION :- BREAK DOWN STARCH INTO COMPLEX MOLECULE TO GIVE SUGAR.

HELP IN MOISTENS THE FOOD EASY FOR CHEWING AND SWALLOWING

■ OESOPHAGUS:-

♤ THE CANAL HAS MUSCLES THAT CONTRACT RHYTHMICALLY TO PUSH THE FOOD FORWARD & THIS MOVEMENT OF FOOD IS CALLED PERISTALTIC MOVEMENT WHICH OCCURS ALONG THE G.UT.

■ STOMACH:-

♤ GASTRIC GLANDS ARE PRESENT IN STOMACH.

♤ IT RELEASE HYDROCHLORIC ACID (HCL).

♤ FUNCTION:- KILL HARMFUL BACTERIA THAT ENTERS WITH THE FOOD.

MAKES THE MEDIUM ALKALINE.

♤ PEPSIN:- THEY ARE PROTEIN DIGESTED ENZYME.

♤ MUCUS:- PROTECTS THE INNER LINING OF THE STOMACH FROM THE ACTION OF HYDROCHLORIC ACID.

■ SMALL INTESTINE:-

♤ THE EXIT OF FOOD FROM THE STOMACH IS REGULATED BY A SPHINCTER MUSCLE.

♤ IT HELPS IN DIGESTION OF CARBOHYDRATES, PROTEINS AND FATS.

■ LIVER :- IT SECRETE BILE JUICE IN GALL BLADDER.

♤ FUNCTION:- TURN ACIDIC MEDIUM TO ALKALINE.

EMULSIFY THE ACTION OF FAT.

♤ PANCREAS:- IT SECRETE PANCREATIC JUICE IT CONTAIN ENZYME LIKE:-

♤ TRYPSIN :- HELPS IN BREAK DOWN OF PROTEINS.

♤ LIPASE :- CONVERT FAT INTO FATTY ACID AND GLYCEROL.

■ INTESTINAL JUICE:- THE WALL OF SMALL INTESTINE CONTAIN GLAND WHICH SECRETE INTESTINAL JUICE.

♤ FUNCTION :- CONVERT PROTEINS TO AMINO ACIDS.

♤ COMPLEX CARBOHYDRATES INTO GLUCOSE.

♤ FATS INRO FATTY ACIDS AND GLYCEROL.

■ VILLI:- THE INNER LINING OF THE SMALL INTESTINE HAS NUMEROUS FINGER LIKE PROJECTIONS CALLED VILLI.

♤ FUNCTION:- INCREASE THE SURFACE AREA FOR ABSORPTION.

THEY ARE RICHLY SUPPLIED WITH BLOOD VESSELS WHICH TAKE THE ABSORBED FOOD TO EACH AND EVERY CELL OF THE BODY

■ LARGE INTESTINE:-

THE EXIT OF WASTE MATERIAL FROM THE BODY IS REGULATED BY THE ANAL SPHINCTER.

Answer 2

• The digestion of the proteins begin in the stomach where it is acted upon by the proteolytic enzyme of the stomach, pepsin. Pepsin converts proteins into proteoses and peptones (peptides).
• Proteins, proteoses and peptons in the chyme reaching the intestine are acted upon by the proteolytic enzymes (trypsin, chemotrypsin, carboxypeptidases) of the pancreatic juice and are converted into dipeptides.
• The enzymes in the succus entericus acts on the end product of the above reaction to form the simple absorbable forms.
• Dipeptidases present in the succus entericus converts the dipeptides into amino acids. Amino acids thus formed are absorbed in the jejunum and ileum regions of the small intestine.