Describe the Process of IVF?
Answers
let me tell u about it in complete detail
In Vitro Fertilization is an assisted reproductive technology (ART) commonly referred to as IVF. IVF is the process of fertilization by extracting eggs, retrieving a sperm sample, and then manually combining an egg and sperm in a laboratory dish. The embryo(s) is then transferred to the uterus. Other forms of ART include gamete intrafallopian transfer (GIFT) and zygote intrafallopian transfer (ZIFT).
Why is IVF used?
IVF can be used to treat infertility in the following patients:
Blocked or damaged fallopian tubes
Male factor infertility including decreased sperm count or sperm motility
Women with ovulation disorders, premature ovarian failure, uterine fibroids
Women who have had their fallopian tubes removed
Individuals with a genetic disorder
Unexplained infertility
What is involved with in vitro fertilization?
There are five basic steps in the IVF and embryo transfer process: Step 1: Fertility medications are prescribed to stimulate egg production. Multiple eggs are desired because some eggs will not develop or fertilize after retrieval. A transvaginal ultrasound is used to examine the ovaries, and blood test samples are taken to check hormone levels. Step 2: Eggs are retrieved through a minor surgical procedure that uses ultrasound imaging to guide a hollow needle through the pelvic cavity to remove the eggs. Medication is provided to reduce and remove potential discomfort. Step 3: The male is asked to produce a sample of sperm, which is prepared for combining with the eggs. Step 4: In a process called insemination, the sperm and eggs are mixed together and stored in a laboratory dish to encourage fertilization. In some cases where there is a lower probability of fertilization, intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) may be used. Through this procedure, a single sperm is injected directly into the egg in an attempt to achieve fertilization. The eggs are monitored to confirm that fertilization and cell division are taking place. Once this occurs, the fertilized eggs are considered embryos. Step 5: The embryos are usually transferred into the woman’s uterus three to five days following egg retrieval and fertilization. A catheter or small tube is inserted into the uterus to transfer the embryos. This procedure is painless for most women, although some may experience mild cramping. If the procedure is successful, implantation typically occurs around six to ten days following egg retrieval.
Side effects of in vitro fertilization
Although you may need to take it easy after the procedure, most women can resume normal activities the following day. Some side effects after IVF may include:
Passing a small amount of fluid (may be clear or blood-tinged) after the procedure
Mild cramping
Mild bloating
Constipation
Breast tenderness
If you experience any of the following symptoms, call your doctor immediately:
Heavy vaginal bleeding
Pelvic pain
Blood in the urine
A fever over 100.5 °F (38 °C)
Some side effects of fertility medications may include:
Headaches
Mood swings
Abdominal pain
Hot flashes
Abdominal bloating
RARE: Ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome (OHSS)
What are the risks associated with in vitro fertilization?
As with most medical procedures, there are potential risks. More severe symptoms, typically from OHSS, include the following:
Nausea or vomiting
Decreased urinary frequency
Shortness of breath
Faintness
Severe stomach pains and bloating
Ten-pound weight gain within three to five days
If you experience any of these symptoms above, contact your doctor right away. Additional risks of IVF include the following:
Egg retrieval carries risks of bleeding, infection, and damage to the bowel or bladder.
The chance of a multiples pregnancy is increased with the use of fertility treatment. There are additional risks and concerns related to multiples during pregnancy including the increased risk of premature delivery and low birth weight.
Though the rates of miscarriage are similar to unassisted conception, the risk does increase with maternal age.
The Mayo Clinic reports that the risk of ectopic pregnancy with IVF is 2-5%. An ectopic pregnancy is when a fertilized egg implants anywhere outside the uterus and is not viable.
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