Describe the process of preparation of aluminium by the electrolysis of aluminium
Answers
Answer:
Aluminum has a very high melting point and strong bonding between atoms, so it doesn't readily dissolve in water. Instead, molten cryolite (Na3AIF6) is used.
The Process:
The pure aluminum is attracted to the cathode, which is a lining of graphite.
The oxygen is attracted to the anode, and bubbles through the solution.
At the cathode, reduction takes place as electrons are gained:
Al3+ + 3e- ® Al
At the anode, oxidation takes place as electrons are lost:
2O2- ® O2 + 4e-
At the anode also, the oxygen formed will react with the anode (which is made of carbon) to form carbon dioxide. This means the anodes must be frequently replaced.
This process uses A lot of electricity and is expensive. Therefore, aluminum is much more expensive than other metals that are easier to extract (like iron, but its desirable characteristics mean that it is still widely used.
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