describe the process of sublimation?
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Sublimation is the conversion between the solid and the gaseous phases of matter, with no intermediate liquid stage. For those of us interested in the water cycle, sublimation is most often used to describe the process of snow and ice changing into water vapour in the air without first melting into water
Sublimation is where a material goes straight from being a solid to being a gas without ever becoming a liquid in between.
The most obvious example here on Earth is dry ice (solid CO2) - a block of this solid will gradually turn into CO2 gas without ever “melting” into a liquid first.
The same thing happens to water ice out in space - so a comet (which is made of dirty and ice) turns from a solid into that beautiful long tail (which is mostly water vapor) without ever melting.
The actual process is more or less the same as when a liquid boils - the atoms on the surface of the material move faster and faster as they heat up - and then simply shake themselves loose from the surface and fly away.
The reason that there is no melting to a liquid relates in complicated ways to the structure of the material and the air pressure around
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