Describe the process of translation. Be specific about location, structures involved, and the end product that is created.
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Translation involves “decoding” a messenger RNA (mRNA) and using its information to build a polypeptide, or chain of amino acids. For most purposes, a polypeptide is basically just a protein (with the technical difference being that some large proteins are made up of several polypeptide chains).
The genetic code
In an mRNA, the instructions for building a polypeptide come in groups of three nucleotides called codons. Here are some key features of codons to keep in mind as we move forward:
There are 616161 different codons for amino acids
Three “stop” codons mark the polypeptide as finished
One codon, AUG, is a “start” signal to kick off translation (it also specifies the amino acid methionine)
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