describe the reforming views of birsa?
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Birsa Munda was a charismatic leader of the Munda tribe residing in the regions of present Bihar and Jharkhand.
As an adult, Birsa Munda was influenced by the stories of the tribal ‘Golden Age’ when the Mundas were free of the oppression of outsiders locally known as the dikus.
He came into contact with Christian ideas and Vaishnavism during the early years of his life.
His main aim was to reform tribal society. He urged his fellow tribals to give up drinking liquor, to clean up the village and to not believe in witchcraft and sorcery.
He also tried to oppose the authority of the Hindu landlords and the Christian missionaries.
Birsa Munda wanted the tribals to regain their lost glory. He wanted them to tap natural resources, plant trees and orchards and practise cultivation for earning their livelihood.
Although Birsa Munda aimed at reforming the social and cultural lives of the tribals, the British officials were worried as he also talked about driving the missionaries, moneylenders, landlords and the Government out of tribal lands.
As the movement began to gain momentum, the British arrested Birsa in 1895 and jailed him for two years. After his release, Birsa began touring various villages in order to gather support for the movement.
He asked the people to fight against the Europeans and the dikus. Many tribals, following Birsa, attacked police stations, churches and raided the homes of moneylenders. They raised the white flag as a symbol of Birsa Raj.
Unfortunately, the movement began to break down after the death of Birsa because of cholera.