Question

Describe the reforms (improvement) of Allaudin Khikji.

Answer 1

Answer:

Military Reforms -

1. Alauddin Khilji maintained a strong and huge standing army to safeguard his empire.
2. He introduced the system of branding of horses (dagh) and maintenance of descriptive register of soldiers to prevent false musters and corrupt practices.
3. Alauddin abolished the Jagir system and paid the salaries in cash.
4. He fixed the pay of soldiers at 234 tankas a year, with an additional 78 tankas for a soldier maintaining two horses.
5. Ariz-i-Mumalik was in charge of the appointment of soldiers.

Revenue Reforms -

1. Alauddin Khilji introduced scientific method of measurement of land for the assessment of land revenue.
2. He imposed heavy taxes on the Sardars, Jagidars and Ulemas.
3. Jazia was imposed on non-Muslims. They had to pay it along with other taxes like pilgrim tax, octroi etc.
4. He increased the salaries of revenue officials to check bribery and corruption.
5. The post of a special officer called “Mustakhraj” was created to collect land revenue from peasants.
6. He took steps to safeguard the peasants from the demands of corrupt revenue officials by imposing strict punishments even for petty offences.

Economic Reforms (Market Regulations) -

1. Alauddin Khilji introduced the market regulations to help soldiers and to make ends meet. Prices of all articles of common use were fixed. Separate department and special officers were appointed to regulate the market. The price fixed in the capital was applicable to all towns.
2. Grains were stored in government granaries. The storage was meant for emergencies like times of scarcity and famine. Any trader or vendor who cheated in weights and measurements were punished with cutting of an equal weight of flesh from his body (thighs).

Answer 2

Answer:

Allaudin khilji:

1. Allaudin khilji occupied the throne by murdering Jallaudin khilji
2. He is regarded as the greatest of the Delhi sultanate monarchs

Land revenue policy:

• To increase the revenue of the state,he took some stringent measures. He confiscated all the rent free land that was gifted to the nobles,priests,etc .., and added them to the state land.
• Like Muhammad bin tughluq the revenue was collected on the basis of fertility of the region

example:Ganga , Yamuna , Daob was ver fertile so the revenue was fixed as high as half of total produce.

• The land revenue could be paid either in cash or kind.
• Officials were strictly forbidden to charge extra revenue from peasants.

Market regulations:

• Prices of essential commodities were subsided and fixed
• Separate markets were established under the supervision of superintendents
• There were seperate markets for seperate goods

ex: food grains,cloth,slaves,horses,cattle and imported goods.

• There markets were under constant surveillance
• Harsh punishments were given those who cheat
• The weights and balances of the merchants are constantly checked
• He maintained efficient spy system

Reorganization of army:

• Allaudin khilji made great efforts to reorganize and reform his sources
• He was the first to produce the concept of huliya or a descriptive role of each soldier
• Further,he introduced the branding of the horses with the royal insignia called the dagh.
• Allaudin khilji expanded his boundary of the Delhi Sultanate to as far as Masurai