describe the relationship of reason, will, and action according to Aristotle point of view
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Aristotle explicitly connects such deliberation to self-generated human action. He observes that the facts that (1) “deliberation is about the things to be done by the agent himself” and (2) “actions are for the sake of things other than themselves” implies that “man is a moving principle of actions” (NE 1112b31-3).
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The relationship of reason, will, and action according to Aristotle point of view are:
Reason:
- Reason is the ability to intentionally employ reasoning to derive conclusions from new or existing data in order to discover the truth.
- It is strongly related to such uniquely human pursuits as philosophy, science, language, mathematics, and art, and is often seen as a distinguishing human skill. Rationality is a term that is occasionally used to describe reason.
- Reason is a sort of mind, and logic is the endeavor to define a set of formal rules or standards for proper reasoning. The teachings of the Philosopher Aristotle, particularly Prior Analysis as Posterior Analysis, are the oldest existing writings that clearly explore the norms by which reason acts.
- Reason and imagination both rely on brain processes that are comparable. Humans aren't the only ones with imagination. Certain animals, as per Aristotle, have Phantasia (imagination: the ability to store pictures as phantasmata) as well as phronein (a form of reasoning that can evaluate and comprehend in some ways). Both, he claims, are connected to animals' core perceptual capacity, which combines the sensations of several senses and sets the order of the objects observed without separating universals, deliberation, or logos. However, this is not a sufficient answer, because human imagination is unique.
- Aristotle famously identified reason (via language) as an element of human nature, implying that it is preferable for humans to live "politically," in communities the size and kind of a small city-state (polis in Greek).
Will:
- Will is a mental capacity in general; it is essential in philosophy among the elements of the intellect, together with reason & understanding. Because of its function in facilitating intentional action, it is considered important to the study of ethics.
- As per Aristotle, virtue or vice is "up to us." This indicates that, while no one chooses to be unhappy, vice by definition always entails behaviors that were chosen voluntarily. Vice stems from unhealthy habits and pursuing the wrong goals, not from a conscious desire to be miserable.
- The vices, like the virtues, are entirely optional. He claims that individuals would have to be completely unaware of the necessity of allowing themselves to live badly, and he denies the concept that different people have varied intrinsic ideas of what is good.
- Self-mastery, or the difference between what individuals intend to do and what they really do, is discussed by Aristotle.
Action:
- To be excellent, according to Aristotle, one has to have "experience of life's activities" and be "brought up in beautiful habits." To become virtuous, a person must not only learn what virtue is, but also engage in good behavior.
- "Every art as well as every investigation, and accordingly every activity and pursuit, is regarded to aspire at some great," according to Aristotle, "and for this reason, the good has properly been proclaimed to be that all of which things strive at."
- Pleasure isn't the strive of the human action according to Aristotle because not all pleasures are good
- Value ethics is a concept about how to be a good person, instead of a theory about circumstances in which an action is moral or wrong. However, it appears to have ramifications for whether activities are right or bad. Since honesty and kindness are virtues, it would seem that lying to someone for the purpose of harming them would be ethically wrong. A morally acceptable action & policy is one that would be selected by something like an ethical person.
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