Describe the residence of early hunmans
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Human Residence Patterns
ROBERT S. WALKER
Abstract
This essay addresses the signicance and evidence surrounding the debate about
how hunter-gatherers and other humans organize their residential groups. In
most species of mammals, either males or female remain in their natal group (the
philopatric sex) while the other sex disperses at maturity (the dispersing sex).
Sex-biased philopatry and dispersal has many downstream effects on all aspects
of social bonds and organization. Recent genetic data and detailed cross-cultural
ethnographic information suggest that human societies are quite variable and
exible in nature with males and females likely to either stay or disperse from natal
families. Brothers and sisters commonly coreside in the same community and form
life-long bonds in a system quite unlike that of our primate relatives. This multilocal
human residence pattern of exible residence combined with marriage exchange
systems create complex meta-group social structures with kin-based coalitions that
extend across multiple residential groups. Human kinship and social networks that
encompass multiple communities led to the emergence of large alliances at scales
ROBERT S. WALKER
Abstract
This essay addresses the signicance and evidence surrounding the debate about
how hunter-gatherers and other humans organize their residential groups. In
most species of mammals, either males or female remain in their natal group (the
philopatric sex) while the other sex disperses at maturity (the dispersing sex).
Sex-biased philopatry and dispersal has many downstream effects on all aspects
of social bonds and organization. Recent genetic data and detailed cross-cultural
ethnographic information suggest that human societies are quite variable and
exible in nature with males and females likely to either stay or disperse from natal
families. Brothers and sisters commonly coreside in the same community and form
life-long bonds in a system quite unlike that of our primate relatives. This multilocal
human residence pattern of exible residence combined with marriage exchange
systems create complex meta-group social structures with kin-based coalitions that
extend across multiple residential groups. Human kinship and social networks that
encompass multiple communities led to the emergence of large alliances at scales
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