Describe the revenue administration of the Mauryas. in about 500 words
Answers
At the time, Chanakya or Kutilya was Chandragupta Maurya's prime minister. He was well-known for his acumen and intelligence and it was he who devised the revenue system during the Mauryan period income schemeWhen Chanakya wrote the collector-general's duties, he also listed the things that on which revenue would be implied
EXPLANATION:
The revenue administration included collection of taxes from different sources- forests (vana) mines, pastures (vraja), plantations (setu), share from land output and so on. The cities, according to the Arthashastra, collected 21 different kinds of taxes. Other cesses and dues were levied on land together with a water-rate. The water rate differed according to the nature of the crop and land and tax on houses in towns. Fees for licenses of different kinds from artisans, craftsmen, professionals and traders was charged. Tax was levied on profits of coinage and gains from trade operations carried on by the government. Revenue also implied customs at the tariffs and frontiers tolls and ferry dues in the interior levied on merchandise in transport. Tolls and ferry dues, fees, lines, police, assaying department for measures and weights, currency, passports, oil, manufacturers of yarn, sugar and ghee, slaughterhouses, goldsmiths, liquor-vends, gambling dens, warehouses, guilds of carpenters and artisans, buildings, and temples were the key revenue sources in towns. The main revenue sources in provinces were agriculture, land, traffic in rivers and roads, pastures, trade, and so on. The revenue from rural areas came as income from ferry charges, crown lands (sita), land revenue from cultivators, orchards taxes, and so on. Two key revenue sources from villages were Bhaga, the king’s share of the produce of the Bali and soil, an additional cess.
The king was presumably allowed to return land profits, because the bhaga of the village Lumbini has been reduced to an eighth by Asoka. Shareholders receiving government assistance probably gave the state half of their revenue. The government also collected direct weight collections from the wagering player (5 percent of the gains) and the merchants. Most agencies were responsible for managing and monitoring state revenues. In the king's treasury, the money deposited was spent, in the most part, on maintaining the army, battle, public buildings, relified donations and gifts, the salaries of officials and the expenditures of the king. The samaharta controlled the collection of profits from the whole country. Land income provided the Kingdom with the primary and necessary capital.
In the case of Brahmins and religious institutions and state officials, Mauryans allowed exemptions from the payment of rent for the land-revenue. A record has been kept of these remissions and duties. Industries were taxed too. In doing so, there were many techniques that were inspired by the system of land income. The government thus was successful in developing effectually the Kingdom. The government also established state-owned farms in which the King controlled the land and his subjects were used to cultivate it. The government had the resources to organize the procedure and the cultivator would work on the ground once the land was ready.
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