DESCRIBE THE RISE OF NATIONALISM IN THE THIRD PHASE OF 19TH CENTURY IN EUROPE.
Answers
Idealistic liberal democratic sentiments because of a narrow creed with limited ends.
Nationalist groups became increasingly intolerant of each other and ever ready to go to war.
After 1871 nationalist tension mounted in Europe in the area called Balkan’s. The Balkans was a region of geographical and ethnic variations.
A large part of Balkans was under the contral of the ottoman Empire.
The spread of the ideas of romantic nationalism in the Balkans and downfall of Ottoman Empire made this region very explosive.
As the different Slavic nationalist struggled to define their identity and independence, the Balkans became an area of conflict.
There was intense rivalry among the European powers over trade and colonies.
This led to a series of wars in the region and finally the first world war.
Many countries in the world which had been colonized by the European powers in the 19th century began to oppose imperial domination.
The anti-imperial movements developed nationalism and formed independent nationstates.
Answer: By the last quarter of the nineteenth century nationalism no longer retained its idealistic liberal-democratic sentiment of the first half of the century, but became a narrow creed with limited ends. During this period nationalist groups became increasingly intolerant of each other and ever ready to go to war. The major European powers, in turn, manipulated the nationalist aspirations of the subject peoples in Europe to further their own imperialist aims. The most serious source of nationalist tension in Europe after 1871 was the area called the Balkans. The Balkans was a region of geographical and ethnic variation comprising modern-day Romania, Bulgaria, Albania, Greece, Macedonia, Croatia, Bosnia-Herzegovina, Slovenia, Serbia and Montenegro whose inhabitants were broadly known as the Slavs. A large part of the Balkans was under the control of the Ottoman Empire. The spread of the ideas of romantic nationalism in the Balkans together with the disintegration of the Ottoman Empire made this region very explosive. All through the nineteenth century the Ottoman Empire had sought to strengthen itself through modernisation and internal reforms but with very little success. One by one, its European subject nationalities broke away from its control and declared independence. The Balkan peoples based their claims for independence or political rights on nationality and used history to prove that they had once been independent but had subsequently been subjugated by foreign powers. Hence the rebellious nationalities in the Balkans thought of their struggles as attempts to win back their long-lost independence.
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