Describe the role of pressure groups in democratic politics.
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Pressure group are the interest groups which work to secure certain interest by influencing the public policy. They are non-aligned with any political party and work as indirect yet powerful group to influence the decision.
In India Political parties and pressure groups together play a big role in the struggle of power. In India pressure group arose even during the colonial period. All India trade union congress was the first countrywide pressure group of working class. India is developing country having scarcity of resources and acute poverty promoting significant role of pressure group. The aim of these pressure group was to secure economic and political concessions for themselves. Providing crucial component of the structural equilibrium i.e. maintenance function.
Types of pressure groups
Almond and Powell have divided interest groups into four parts-
● Institutional pressure group-These groups are formally organized which constitutes professionally employed persons. They are part of government machinery and raises its protests with constitutional means. For example Bureaucracy, army, central election committee etc.
● Anomic pressure group-These are the group that have analogy with individual self-representation. They may be constitutional or unconstitutional, perpetual infiltration such as riots, demonstration etc. For example ULFA. Naxalites, Kashmir liberal front etc.
● Associations pressure group-These are organized specialized groups formed for interest articulation but to pursue limited goal. For example Trade union, student association, teachers association etc.
● Non-Associations pressure group-These are the informal groups include caste group, language group, syndicate, Ghanaian group etc.
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