Describe the rows and columns in p-block
Answers
Answer:
The p-block is on the right side of the periodic table and includes elements from the six columns beginning with column 3A and ending with column 8A (or columns 13-18 on some versions of the periodic table). Helium, which is in the top of column 8A, is not included in the p-block. In the periodic table shown here, the p-block is colored orange.
periodic table by orbital
P-block elements are unified by the fact that their valence electrons (outermost electrons) are in the p orbital. The p orbital consists of six lobed shapes coming off a central point at evenly spaced angles. The p orbital can hold a maximum of six electrons, hence why there are six columns in the p-block. Elements in column 3A, the first column of the p-block, have one valence electron. Elements in column 4A, the second column of the p-block, have two valence electrons. The trend continues this way until we reach column 8A, which has six valence electrons.
There are 35 elements that live in the p-block, which can be seen here.
p-block elements on PT
The p-block is home to the biggest variety of elements and is the only block that contains all three types of elements: metals, nonmetals, and metalloids. Generally, the p-block elements are best described in terms of element type or column number.
Properties of P-Block Metals
P-block metals have classic metal characteristics: they are shiny, they are good conductors of heat and electricity, and they lose electrons easily. Generally, these metals have high melting points and readily react with nonmetals to form ionic compounds. Ionic compounds form when a positive metal ion bonds with a negative nonmetal ion.
Of the p-block metals, several have fascinating properties. Gallium, in the 3rd row of column 3A, is a metal that can melt in the palm of your hand. Tin, in the fourth row of column 4A, is an abundant, flexible, and extremely useful metal. It is an important component of many metal alloys like bronze, solder, and pewter.
Sitting right beneath tin is lead, a toxic metal with an intriguing history. Ancient peoples used lead for a variety of things, from food sweeteners to pottery glazes to eating utensils. Unbeknownst to these ancient civilizations, lead is quite toxic. Many historians suspect that lead poisoning is related to the fall of Roman civilization. For a long time, lead was used in the manufacturing of paints. It was only within the last century that lead paint use has been restricted due to its toxic nature.
Properties of P-Block Metalloids
Metalloids have properties of both metals and nonmetals, but the term 'metalloid' lacks a strict definition. All of the elements that are commonly recognized as metalloids are in the p-block: boron, silicon, germanium, arsenic, antinomy, and tellurium.
Silicon is perhaps the most famous metalloid. It is the second most abundant element in Earth's crust and one of the main ingredients in glass. It is used to make microchips for computers and other electronic devices. So valuable is silicon to the technology industry that Silicon Valley in California is named after it.
Germanium has properties very similar to silicon, yet this element is much more rare. Arsenic is a toxic metalloid that has been used throughout history as an additive to metal alloys, paints, and even make