Describe the Rutherford's model of an atom. Write its drawback also.
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Answer:
In many ways, the Rutherford model of the atom is the classic model of the atom, even though it's no longer considered an accurate representation. Rutherford's model shows that an atom is mostly empty space, with electrons orbiting a fixed, positively charged nucleus in set, predictable paths.
Drawback --Most of the alpha particles passed straight through the gold foil.
There was a deflection of the alpha particles by a small angle.
Very small amount of alpha particles rebounded.
Rutherford's Experiment
Rutherford’s Experiment
From his experiment, he came to following conclusions:
Most of the space in an atom is empty.
The space occupied by the positive charges is very small.
The positive charges and mass of the atom were concentrated in a very small volume within an atom.
From these conclusions, he calculated that the radius of the nucleus is around 105 times less than that of the atom.
Rutherford Atomic Model
Rutherford developed a nuclear model of atom on the basis of his experiment and observations. The Rutherford atomic model has the following features:
The centre of an atom is called nucleus. It is positively charged and almost all mass of the atom resides in it.
Electrons spin around the nucleus in a circular path.
Comparatively, the size of the nucleus is smaller than the size of the atom.
Rutherford Atomic Model
Rutherford Atomic Model
Drawbacks of Rutherford Atomic Model
As before, Rutherford atomic model was also challenged and questioned by many. Rutherford atomic model failed to explain about the stability of electrons in a circular path.
As per Rutherford’s model, electrons revolve around the nucleus in a circular path. But particles that are in motion on a circular path would undergo acceleration, and acceleration causes radiation of energy by charged particles. Eventually, electrons should lose energy and fall into the nucleus. And this points to the instability of atom. But this is not possible because atoms are stable.