Question

Describe the Rutherford's
$\alpha - particles$
scattering experiment and mention the important observations and conclusions drawn from this experiment.​

Answer 1

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⏩ In this experiment fast moving

$\alpha - particles$

were made to fall on a thin gold foil.

⏩The following observations were made:-

☞ Most of the fast moving alfa- particles passed straight through the gold foil.

☞ Some of the alfa-particles were deflected by the foil by small angles.

☞ One out of every 12000 particles appeared to rebound.

⏩ Conclusions:-

☞ Most of the space inside the atom is empty as most of the alfa-particles passed through the gold foil without getting deflected.

☞ Very few particles were deflected from their path, indicating that the positive charge of the atom occupies very little space.

☞ A very small fraction of alfa-particles was deflected by 180°, indicating that all the positive charge and mass of the gold atom were concentrated in a very small volume within the atom.

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Answer 2

Ello..✌✌

Rutherford's $\alpha - scattering$ experiment

Rutherford and his two associates, Geiger and Marsden studied the scattering of the $\alpha - particles$ from a thin gold foil in order to investigate the structure of the atom.

Rutherford's Observations

✔ Most of the $\alpha - particles$ paas through the gold foil without any deflection. This shows that most of the space in an atom is empty.

✔ Few $\alpha - particles$ got scattered, deflecting at various angles from 0 to π . This shows that atom has a small positively charged core called NUCLEUS at the centre of the atom, which deflects the positively charged $\alpha - particles$ at different angles depending on their distance from centre of the nucleus.

✔ Very few $\alpha - particles$ suffers deflection of 180° . This shows that size of nucleus is very small.

Drawbacks of Rutherford's Model of an atom

✔ It failed to explain the stability of an atom.

✔ It failed to explain the spectrum of an atom.