Describe the scripts that develop in sumer egypt and china during bronze age
Answers
Answer:
In Ancient Egypt the Bronze Age begins in the Protodynastic period, c. 3150 BC. The archaic early Bronze Age of Egypt, known as the Early Dynastic Period of Egypt,[11][12] immediately follows the unification of Lower and Upper Egypt, c. 3100 BC. It is generally taken to include the First and Second Dynasties, lasting from the Protodynastic Period of Egypt until about 2686 BC, or the beginning of the Old Kingdom. With the First Dynasty, the capital moved from Abydos to Memphis with a unified Egypt ruled by an Egyptian god-king. Abydos remained the major holy land in the south. The hallmarks of ancient Egyptian civilization, such as art, architecture and many aspects of religion, took shape during the Early Dynastic period. Memphis in the Early Bronze Age was the largest city of the time. The Old Kingdom of the regional Bronze Age[11] is the name given to the period in the 3rd millennium BC when Egypt attained its first continuous peak of civilization in complexity and achievement – the first of three "Kingdom" periods, which mark the high points of civilization in the lower Nile Valley (the others being Middle Kingdom and the New Kingdom).
Explanation:
In China, the earliest bronze artifacts have been found in the Majiayao culture site (between 3100 and 2700 BC),[31][32]
The term "Bronze Age" has been transferred to the archaeology of China from that of Western Eurasia, and there is no consensus or universally used convention delimiting the "Bronze Age" in the context of Chinese prehistory.[33]
By convention, the "Early Bronze Age" in China is sometimes taken as equivalent to the "Shang dynasty" period of Chinese prehistory (16th to 11th centuries BC),[34] and the "Later Bronze Age" as equivalent to the "Zhou dynasty" period (11th to 3rd centuries BC, from the 5th century also dubbed "Iron Age"), although there is an argument to be made that the "Bronze Age" proper never ended in China, as there is no recognizable transition to an "Iron Age".[35] Significantly, together with the jade art that precedes it, bronze was seen as a "fine" material for ritual art when compared with iron or stone, stone only becoming popular for tombs in the Han on probable Indian influence (replacing wooden temple in that instance).[36]
Bronze metallurgy in China originated in what is referred to as the Erlitou (Wade–Giles: Erh-li-t'ou) period, which some historians argue places it within the range of dates controlled by the Shang dynasty.[37] Others believe the Erlitou sites belong to the preceding Xia (Wade–Giles: Hsia) dynasty.[38] The U.S. National Gallery of Art defines the Chinese Bronze Age as the "period between about 2000 BC and 771 BC," a period that begins with the Erlitou culture and ends abruptly with the disintegration of Western Zhou rule.[39]
The widespread use of bronze in Chinese metallurgy and culture dates to significantly later, probably due to Western influence. While there may be reason to believe that bronzework developed inside China separately from outside influence,[40] the discovery of Europoid mummies in Xinjiang suggests a possible route of transmission from the West beginning in the early second millennium BC.[41] This is, however, still just speculation since there is a lack of direct evidence. A few human mummies alone cannot provide sufficient explanation of metallurgy transmission. Furthermore, the oldest bronze objects found in China so far were discovered at the Majiayao site in Gansu rather than Xinjiang[42]
Answer:
Hieroglyphics are the bronze age script of Egypt.
Chinese bronze inscriptions are also commonly referred to as bronze script or bronzeware script.
Explanation:
Hieroglyphics:
- The First Decipherable Sentence Written in the Egyptian Language Dates to the Second Dynasty.
- Hieroglyphic writing developed from preliterate symbol systems in the Early Bronze Age, approximately the 32nd century BC (28th century BC).
- During the Middle Kingdom period, Egyptian hieroglyphs evolved into a sophisticated writing system that was employed for monumental inscriptions in the classical language.
- During this time, the system used about 900 different signs.
- Through the New Kingdom and Late Period, as well as throughout the Persian and Ptolemaic periods, this writing system was used.
- Even into the fourth century AD of the Roman era, there are late traces of hieroglyphic use.
Bronzeware
- From the Shang dynasty to the Zhou dynasty (11th–3rd century BC), and even later.
- Ritual bronzes like zhng bells and dng tripodal cauldrons are inscribed with bronze writing or bronzeware character in a variety of Chinese scripts.
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