Question

Describe the social and economic effects of the World War on England and USA. OR
"Getting a job in factories was always difficult in the 19th century." Justify the statement comparing the case of England and India.
OR
Why has city life always attracted those seeking freedom and opportunity ? Explain.

CBSE Class X Social Science LA (5 Marks)

Answer 1

Social Effects :
(i) Most of the killed and maimed people were of the working age and this affected the work force in England.
(ii) Household income declined and women stepped in to take up jobs.
(iii) Role and position of women changed forever in England.
Economic Effects :
(i) Economic links between some of the major economic powers of the world were snapped.
(ii) England borrowed large sums of money from US Banks.
(iii) USA emerged as an international creditor.
(iv) USA owned more assets in foreign countries than foreign countries owned in the USA.
OR
(i) England : The actual possibility of getting a job depended on existing network of friendship and kin relationship. A person was more likely to get a job if he had a friend or a relative working in the factory. Many who did not have connections had to wait for weeks spending nights under bridges or in the night shelters.
(ii) India : In India, the member of job seekers was always more than the jobs available. Industrialists usually employed jobbers, who usually were old and trusted workers to get new recruits.
The jobber got people from his village, ensured them job and helped them settle in the city. Jobbers eventually began demanding money for the favours they showed and controlled the lives of workers.
OR
(i) The city life symbolized freedom from the collective social values which people were compelled to follow in their villages.
(ii) There were numerous caste and community rules in the rural set-up which based when people moved to cities.
(iii) People became more free and they carried new ways of living.
(iv) The public transport system and multistoreyed housing loosened traditional regulations and people learned to live in multiethnic and multicultural environment brought from different places by migrants to the city.
(v) The city symbolized self made people who come here to pursue their dreams.
(vi) City culture bought a wave of individualism and were supposed to be quite organised than the rural areas, so people who migrated found it attractive.

Answer 2

$\textbf{Social Effects }$:

1. Work force were affected in England as most of the killed and maimed people were of the working age.

2. Women stepped into jobs as household income declined.

3. In England role and position of women changed for ever.

$\textbf{Economic effects }$:

1. Links of economy or economic links bewteen most of the major economic powers were snapped.

2. England borrowed a large amount of money from the US banks.

3. USA emerged as an international creditor.