describe the socio economic condition of russia before 1905
Answers
Social conditions in Russia before 1905:
1. In the 19th Century most of the European countries underwent important social and economic changes but Russia was still lagging behind. The czars ruled as absolute Monarchs and the aristocracy was strictly feudal.
2. The condition of the Russian pigeons were deplorable. On the other hand the nobility and the High clergymen enjoyed special privileges and rights. agriculture was dominated by a few rich landlords.
3. Although serfdom was abolished in Russian 1861, the situation did not change. The methods and tools of farming did not improve. The farmer had to pay very high dues for small pieces of land and most of them were under heavy debts.
Economic conditions in Russia before 1905:
1. In the 1890 industrialisation in Russia began and developed at a fairly fast rate. The foreign capitalists invested large sums of money in different industries to amass huge profits. The foreign investors were more interested in earning profits then improving the condition of the workers.
2. Even the Russian industrialists exploited the workers and paid them extremely low wages. The workers had no political rights. The conditions of the workers in Russia were very miserable they were forced to lead a wretched life . Hence the worker were extremely unhappy and dissatisfied with the prevalent and conditions.
Political condition in Russia before 1905:
1. Russia was under the autocratic rule of Romanov czars who believe in the theory of divine right of the kings.czar Nicholas II was crowned in 1894. He was an inefficient and the conservative ruler. He was believed to be guided and influence by mystic Rasputin.
2. The condition of the workers and peasants were deplorable. Famines were very common throughout the whole country. Many people in Russia were influenced by the developments in western Europe and consequently they demanded constitutional democracy . however their demands were turned down.
3. In 1904 there was a war between Russia and Japan. Russia suffered humiliating defeat at the hands of a small Asian country like Japan. This defeat of the Russian has displeased and angered the people.
4. Revolution broke out in January 1901 after which the czar announced his manifesto in October in the same year. He Granted the freedom of speech, press and movement . He conferred the legislative powers to an elected body called Duma but in no time he re-established his own authority.
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Social inequality was very prominent among the working class. Workers were divided on the basis of their occupation. Workers whose jobs needed skill and training considered themselves on a higher plane than the untrained worker. Workers had strong links to the villages they came from and this also caused a social divide among workers.
Economically Russia was going through a very difficult period. The population had doubled and the economic conditions turned from bad to worse. The government introduced new programmes of industrialization which created employment . This Industrialization did not help the workers who were exploited and their living condition only worsened.
Compared to other European nations, Russia was politically backward, during the thirteenth century. All political parties were illegal in Russia before 1914. The Russian peasants formed the Socialist Revolutionary Party in 1900, but as they were not a united group they were not considered to be part of a socialist movement.
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