describe the status of Indian music during medieval period.
Answers
An Indian classical music performance.
Indian classical music is the classical music of the Indian subcontinent.[1] It has two major traditions: the North Indian classical music tradition is called Hindustani, while the South Indian expression is called Carnatic.[2] These traditions were not distinct till about the 16th century. There on, during the turmoils of Islamic rule period of the Indian subcontinent, the traditions separated and evolved into distinct forms. Hindustani music emphasizes improvisation and exploring all aspects of a raga, while Carnatic performances tend to be short and composition-based.[2] However, the two systems continue to have more common features than differences.[3]
Music of India
A Lady Playing the Tanpura, ca. 1735.jpg
A Lady Playing the Tanpura, c. 1735 (Rajasthan)
Genres
Traditional
Classical Carnatic Hindustani Folk Baul Bhajan Odissi Rabindra Sangeet Thumri Dadra Chaiti Kajari Sufi Ghazal Qawwali
Modern
Bhangra Bhangragga Blues Filmi Bollywood Ghazal Qawwali Goa trance Dance Indi-pop Asian Underground Jazz Rock Bengali Raga
Media and performance
Music awards
Filmfare Awards Sangeet Natak Akademi Award
Music festivals
Saptak Festival of Music Chennai Music Season Dover Lane music festival Tyagaraja Aradhana Harivallabh Sangeet Sammelan
Music media
Sruti The Record
Nationalistic and patriotic songs
National anthem
Jana Gana Mana
Regional music
Andaman and Nicobar Islands Andhra Pradesh Arunachal Pradesh Assam Bihar Chhattisgarh Goa Gujarat Haryana Himachal Pradesh Kashmir, Jammu and Ladakh Jharkhand Karnataka Kerala Madhya Pradesh Maharashtra Manipur Meghalaya Mizoram Nagaland Odisha Punjab Rajasthan Sikkim Tamil Nadu Ancient Tripura Uttar Pradesh Uttarakhand West Bengal
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The roots of the classical music of India are found in the Vedic literature of Hinduism and the ancient Natyashastra, the classic Sanskrit text on performance arts by Bharata Muni.[4][5] The 13th century Sanskrit text Sangita-Ratnakara of Sarangadeva is regarded as the definitive text by both the Hindustani music and the Carnatic music traditions.[6][7]
Indian classical music has two foundational elements, raga and tala. The raga, based on swara (notes including microtones), forms the fabric of a melodic structure, while the tala measures the time cycle.[8] The raga gives an artist a palette to build the melody from sounds, while the tala provides them with a creative framework for rhythmic improvisation using time.[9][10][11] In Indian classical the space between the notes is often more important than the notes themselves, and it does not have Western classical concepts such as harmony, counterpoint, chords, or modulation.[12][13][14]
During the Mughal rule in India, Indian Classical music developed as two separate ideas - North Indian Hindustani and the south Indian Carnatic, essentially because of the Islamic influence.
The Hindustani method may be contemplated of like a blend of classical Indian artistic thoughts and Persian performance practice. Many new artistic forms like Khayal and Ghazal.
The most prominent player of the Delhi Sultanate era was Amir Khusrau often known as the father of modern Hindustani traditional music. A poet in Persian, Turkish, Arabic, as well as Braj Bhasha, he is attributed with establishing many features of Hindustani music and also including several ragas such as Sarpada, Yaman, Zeelaf and Kalyan.
Persian music influenced in India
Persian music is the music of Persia and Persian literature nations: musiqi, the craftsmanship, and art of harmony, and Muzik, the sound, and production of music. Many Ustads, or acknowledged players, have studied North Indian traditional music in India, and some of them were Indian descendants who migrated from India to the supreme court in and they use the Hindustani musical approaches and language, for example, raga (melodic form) and tala (rhythmic cycle).