Describe the steps involved in the synthesis packaging and export of a protein from a cell
Answers
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Answer:
During transcription, DNA is used as a template to create a messenger RNA (mRNA) molecule. The mRNA molecule then leaves the nucleus and goes to the ribosome in the cytoplasm, where translation occurs. During translation, the genetic code in mRNA is read and used to make a polypeptide. These two processes are summarized by the central dogma of molecular biology: DNA → RNA → Protein.
Transcription is the transfer of genetic instructions in DNA to mRNA. During transcription, a strand of mRNA is formed that complements the strand of DNA.
Transcription begins when the enzyme RNA polymerase binds to a region of the gene called the promoter sequence. The two strands of DNA are named according to whether or not they will be used as a template for RNA. The string that is used as a template is called the template string or it can also be called the antisense string. The sequence of bases on the opposite DNA strand is called the non-coding or sense strand. Once the DNA is opened and RNA polymerase attaches, RNA polymerase moves along the DNA and adds RNA nucleotides to the growing mRNA strand. The DNA template strand is used to create mRNA through complementary base pairing. Once the mRNA strand is complete, it separates from the DNA. The result is an mRNA strand that is almost identical to the coding strand of DNA—the only difference is that DNA uses the base thymine and mRNA uses uracil instead of thymine.
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