Describe the structure &functioning of Nephrons
Answers
Nephron is the filtration unit of kidney. It consists of a tubule which is connected with collecting duct at one end and a cup – shaped structure at the other end.
This cup-shaped structure is called ‘Bowman’s capsule’. Every Bowman’s capsule contains a cluster of capillaries, called ‘Glomerulus’, within the cup – shaped structure. The blood enters into Glomerulus through afferent arteriole of renal artery and leaves it through efferent arteriole.
Functioning of Nephron
1. Filtration: Filtration of blood takes place in Bowman’s capsule from the capillaries of glomerulus. The filtrate passes into the tubular part of the nephron. This filtrate contains glucose, amino acids, urea, uric acid, salts and a major amount of water.
2. Re-absorption: As the filtrate flows along the tubule useful substances such as glucose, amino acids, salts and water are selectively re-absorbed into the blood by capillaries surrounding the nephron tubule.
The amount of water re-absorbed depends on the need of the body and also on the amount of wastes to be excreted.
3. Urine: The filtrate which remains after re-absorption is called urine. Urine contains dissolved nitrogenous waste, i.e. urea and uric acid, excess salts and water. Urine is collected from nephrons by the collecting duct to carry it to the ureter.
Answer:
Explanation:STRUCTURE - a nephron consists of a renal corpuscle and a long complicated renal tubule.
Nephron has a cup-shaped bag known as Bowmans Capsule.
The lower end of the Bowmans Capsule is known as the Tubule.
One end of Tubule is connected to Urine-Collecting Duct.
Bowmans Capsule contains bundles of blood capillaries known as Glomerulus.
One part of Glomerulus attached to Renal Artery bringing in the dirty blood(Containing Urea) while the other end coming out of Bowmans Capsule containing the clean blood
Renal tubule is divided into three parts- proximal convoluted tubule (PCT), the loop of Henle and distal convoluted tubule (DCT) which ends by joining a collecting tubule.
Functions:-
Glomerulus filters the blood passing through it
It also removes other harmful substances from our body like urea
Useful substances like glucose, essential amino acids, salts and major amount of water is selectively reabsorbed by tubular part of nephron