Describe the structure and bonding in indium
Answers
Explanation:
Indium is a chemical element with the symbol In and atomic number 49. Indium is the softest metal that is not an alkali metal. It is a silvery-white metal that resembles tin in appearance. It is a post-transition metal that makes up 0.21 parts per million of the Earth's crust. Indium has a melting point higher than sodium and gallium, but lower than lithium and tin. Chemically, indium is similar to gallium and thallium, and it is largely intermediate between the two in terms of its properties.[6] Indium was discovered in 1863 by Ferdinand Reich and Hieronymous Theodor Richter by spectroscopic methods. They named it for the indigo blue line in its spectrum. Indium was isolated the next year.
Pronunciation /ˈɪndiəm/ (IN-dee-əm)
Appearance silvery lustrous gray
Standard atomic weight Ar°(In)
114.818±0.001
114.82±0.01 (abridged)[1]
Indium in the periodic table -
Ga
↑
In
↓
Tl
cadmium ← indium → tin
Atomic number (Z) 49
Group - group 13 (boron group)
Period - period 5
Block - p-block
Electron configuration- [Kr] 4d10 5s2 5p1
Electrons per shell - 2, 8, 18, 18, 3
Physical properties
Phase at STP - solid
Melting point - 429.7485 K (156.5985 °C, 313.8773 °F)
Boiling point - 2345 K (2072 °C, 3762 °F)
Density (near r.t.) - 7.31 g/cm3
when liquid (at m.p.) - 7.02 g/cm3
Triple point - 429.7445 K, ~1 kPa[2]
Heat of fusion - 3.281 kJ/mol
Heat of vaporization - 231.8 kJ/mol
Molar heat capacity - 26.74 J/(mol·K)
Vapor pressure
P (Pa) 1 10 100 1 k 10 k 100 k
at T (K) 1196 1325 1485 1690 1962 2340
Atomic properties
Oxidation states −5, −2, −1, +1, +2, +3[3] (an amphoteric oxide)
Electronegativity - Pauling scale: 1.78
Ionization energies
1st: 558.3 kJ/mol
2nd: 1820.7 kJ/mol
3rd: 2704 kJ/mol
Atomic radius- empirical: 167 pm
Covalent radius- 142±5 pm
Van der Waals radius-193 pm
We specialize in quick turnaround times for any bonding process. With the indium bonding process, we can guarantee the quality of the bond through ultrasonic testing. Due to Indium’s malleable properties and low temperature, it is an ideal metal to be used in bonding. This malleability means that it can be flexible with the thermal expansion of the target when it differs from the backing plate. One aspect of indium bonding to keep in mind is that since indium does have a low melting point, you have to be careful to have sufficient cooling to be sure not to exceed 150 degrees Celsius during the sputtering process.
Answer:
Indium is the softest metal that is not an alkali metal. It is a silvery-white metal that resembles tin in appearance. It is a post-transition metal that makes up 0.21 parts per million of the Earth's crust. Indium has a melting point higher than sodium and gallium, but lower than lithium and tin.
Explanation:
Indium
Indium is a chemical element that is considered a post-transition metal. All that really means is that it sits between transitional metals and the metalloids in the periodic table of elements. It is a soft metal that has a low melting point when compared to other metals and it is most often associated with zinc and tin. Its low melting point combined with its thermal and electrical properties make it especially useful in the bonding process.
Indium can serve a variety of uses and purposes, such as creating alloys, photoconductors, and thermistors, and is considered a non-toxic alternative to the highly toxic mercury.
The Bonding Process
We specialize in quick turnaround times for any bonding process. With the indium bonding process, we can guarantee the quality of the bond through ultrasonic testing. Due to Indium’s malleable properties and low temperature, it is an ideal metal to be used in bonding. This malleability means that it can be flexible with the thermal expansion of the target when it differs from the backing plate. One aspect of indium bonding to keep in mind is that since indium does have a low melting point, you have to be careful to have sufficient cooling to be sure not to exceed 150 degrees Celsius during the sputtering process.
Whatever your needs are regarding Indium bonding, we can help fulfill them and answer any questions you may have.
Indium is a chemical element with the symbol In and atomic number 49. Indium is the softest metal that is not an alkali metal. It is a silvery-white metal that resembles tin in appearance. It is a post-transition metal that makes up 0.21 parts per million of the Earth's crust. Indium has a melting point higher than sodium and gallium, but lower than lithium and tin. Chemically, indium is similar to gallium and thallium, and it is largely intermediate between the two in terms of its properties.[7] Indium was discovered in 1863 by Ferdinand Reich and Hieronymous Theodor Richter by spectroscopic methods. They named it for the indigo blue line in its spectrum. Indium was isolated the next year.
Indium is a minor component in zinc sulfide ores and is produced as a byproduct of zinc refinement. It is most notably used in the semiconductor industry, in low-melting-point metal alloys such as solders, in soft-metal high-vacuum seals, and in the production of transparent conductive coatings of indium tin oxide (ITO) on glass. Indium is considered a technology-critical element.
Indium has no biological role. Its compounds are toxic when injected into the bloodstream. Most occupational exposure is through ingestion, from which indium compounds are not absorbed well, and inhalation, from which they are moderately absorbed.
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