Question

Describe the structure and functioning of nephrons?​

Answer 1

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The nephron is the microscopic structural and functional unit of the kidney. It is composed of a renal corpuscle and a renal tubule. The renal corpuscle consists of a tuft of capillaries called a glomerulus and an encompassing Bowman's capsule. The renal tubule extends from the capsule. The capsule and tubule are connected and are composed of epithelial cells with a lumen. A healthy adult has 1 to 1.5 million nephrons in each kidney. Blood is filtered as it passes through three layers: the endothelial cells of the capillary wall, its basement membrane, and between the foot processes of the podocytes of the lining of the capsule. The tubule has adjacent peritubular capillaries that run between the descending and ascending portions of the tubule. As the fluid from the capsule flows down into the tubule, it is processed by the epithelial cells lining the tubule: water is reabsorbed and substances are exchanged (some are added, others are removed); first with the interstitial fluid outside the tubules, and then into the plasma in the adjacent peritubular capillaries through the endothelial cells lining that capillary. This process regulates the volume of body fluid as well as levels of many body substances. At the end of the tubule, the remaining fluid—urine—exits: it is composed of water, metabolic waste, and toxins.

$\large{\mathtt{\red{Function}}}$

The nephron uses four mechanisms to convert blood into urine: filtration, reabsorption, secretion, and excretion.[4]:395–396 These apply to numerous substances. The structure and function of the epithelial cells lining the lumen change during the course of the nephron, and have segments named by their location and which reflects their different functions.

Answer 2

Each nephron is the structural unit of kidneys.

There are more than 1 million NEPHRON.

Each Nephron consists of RENAL CORPUSCLE or AMALPHIGIAN CORPUSCLE and RENAL TUBULE.

RENAL CORPUSCLE consist of cup shaped structure called BROWMAN'S CAPSULE.

Containing a bunch of capillaries called GLOMERULUS.

THE BROWMAN CAPSULE continues as RENAL TUBULE

Renal Tubule

1)PROXIMAL CONVOLUYED TUBULE

2) LOOP OF HENLE

3)DISTAL CONVOLUTED TUBULE

THE DISTAL CONVOLUTED TUBULE opens into the CONVOLUTED TUBULE.

FUNCTION

A Nephron is used to filter the blood

Converting the blood into urine.