Question

Describe the structure and functioning of nephrons.​

Answer 1

Answer:

A nephron is the filtration unit of the kidney. It consists of a tubule which is connected with collecting duct at one end and a cup-shaped structure at the other end. This filtrate contains glucose, amino acids, urea, uric acid, salts and a major amount of water.

Answer 2

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Structure of Nephron:

$\longrightarrow$ Nephron is the structural and functional unit of kidney.

$\longrightarrow$ It consists of a long coiled tubule differentiated into proximal tubule, loop of Henle and distal tubule.

$\longrightarrow$ The distal tubule opens into the collecting tubule. At the proximal end of the nephron lies a double-walled cup-shaped structure called Bowman's capsule.

$\longrightarrow$ The Bowman's capsule contains a bundle of blood capillaries which is called glomerulus.

$\longrightarrow$ In the glomerulus, the blood that comes in through afferent arteriole is drained out through.

★ Functions of Nephron:

• Filtration: Filtration of blood takes place in Bowman's capsule from the capillaries of glomerulus. This takes place under high pressure. The filtrate passes into the tubular part of the nephron. This filtrate contains glucose, amino acids, urea, uric acid, salts and major amount of water.

• Reabsorption: As the filtrate flows along the tubule useful substances such as glucose, amino acids, salts and water are selectively reabsorbed into the blood by capillaries surrounding the nephron tubule.

• Tubular secretion: Certain substances which are harmful and not needed by the body like ammonia, potassium, creatinine and hydrogen ions are secreted from the capillary blood into the lumen of distal tubule. This is called tubular secretion.

The fluid entering the collecting tubule is called urine. It flows through the ureters into urinary bladder, where it is stored and discharged from time to time through urethra.

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