Question

ı) Describe the structure and functioning of nephrons.

ii) What are the methods used by plants to get rid of excretory products?

iii) How is the amount of urine produced regulated?​

Answer 1

Answer:

Nephrons are the filtration units of kidney. Each kidney has a large no. of nephrons. The process starts with filteration of urine.

structure and functioning of nephron

Cup-shaped structure associated with capillaries is called Bowmans capsule. This collects filtered urine. As this urine flows through the tubular part of nephron, reabsorption of glucose, amino acids, salts and water take place. The amount of water and other substances reabsorbed depends upon how in excess they are present in the body.The urine formed enters into a long tube called ureter through the collecting ducts of kidney. Then urine is collected in urinary bladder.

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Answer 2

ANSWER:

1 question:

• nephron is the filtration unit of the kidney
• It consists of a tubule
• the tubule is connected with collecting duct at one end and a cup-shaped structure at the other end
• this filtrate have glucose, amino acids, urea, uric acid, salts and a major amount of water

check the attachment for the structure

functions:

• A nephron is used separate to water, ions and small molecules from the blood, filter out wastes and toxins, and return needed molecules to the blood

• The nephron functions through ultrafiltration

2 question:

1. The oxygen produced during photosynthesis and carbon dioxide produced during respiration is removed from stomata
2. The excess of water is removed with the process of transpiration
3. plants excrete some waste products in soil as well
4. some of the excretory wastes are stored in the cell vacuoles and form resin and gum

3 question:

• The amount of urine produced highly depends on the amount of excess water or water reabsorbed, also in the dissolved wastes present in the body.
• When there is excess water in the body, quantity of dilute urine excreted out is high
• if no excess of water a very small quantity of concentrated urine is excreted
• More quantity of water is required to be excreted when the quantity of dissolved wastes is more in the body. therefore quantity of urine production increase

• urine produced depends on the following factors:

1. Anti-diuretic hormone (ADH)

     2.Habitat of an entity

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