Question

Describe the structure of human skull​

Answer 1

Answer:

The human skull is generally considered to consist of twenty-two bones—eight cranial bones and fourteen facial skeleton bones.

• In the neurocranium these are the occipital bone, two temporal bones, two parietal bones, the sphenoid, ethmoid and frontal bones.

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Answer 2

Skull is composed of two sets of bones. Total number of bones are 22.

1. Cranial Bones       2. Facial Bones

■ Cranial bones :-

• Cranium is the brain box. In cranium, brain is protected.

• There are eight bones are present in cranium.  They are  1 Frontal bone,  2  Parietals,  2 Temporal bones, 1 Occipital bone, 1 Spenoid bone and 1 Ethmoid bone.

• Frontal bone is present in forehead region.

• Parietal bones are present on the sides and roof of the cranium. Parietals are joined to frontal bone by coronal suture and to occiput by lambdoid suture.

• Temporal bones form the lateral parts and floor of the cranium.

• Posterior part and most of the base of the cranium is formed by occipital bone.

• Occipital bone has a large opening called Foramen Magnum. Medulla oblongata  comes out along with Foramen Magnum and continues as spinal cord.

• Posterior region of skull is with 2 occipital condyles. So the skull of human being is dicondylic skull.

• Sphenoid bone is present at the middle part of the base of the skull. It is joined to all the cranial bones so this bone is called keystone bone.

• Ethmoid bone present on the midline of the anterior part of floor of cranium.

■ Facial Bones :-

• Facial bones are 14. they are 2 nasals, 2 Maxillae, 2  Zygomatic bones, 1 mandible, 2 Lacrimals, 2 Palatine bones, 2 Inferior nasal conchae, 1 Vomer.

Nasals :- one pair of nasals are present in the bridge of nose.

Maxillae :- The 2 Maxillae fuses and form upper jaw.

Zygomatic bones :- are called cheek bones.

Lacrimal bones :- Smallest bone is face.

Palatine bones :- Forms posterior part of hard palate

Nasal conchae :- Forms lateral wall  of nasal cavity. 3 pairs of conchae are present. They are superior, middle, Inferior conchae.

Vomer :- It is a triangular bone present on the floor of nasal cavity.

Mandible :- It is U shaped bone. it is the strongest and longest bone of all facial bones it is the only movable skull bone  except year ossicles.

Skeletal structures associated with sense organs.

• Nasal septum divides nasal cavity into right and left cavities.

• Orbits are bony depressions in which eyeballs present.

• Ear ossicles :- Each middle ear is with 3 ear ossicles

Malleus - Modified Articular bone

Incus - Modified Quadrate bone

Stapes - Modified Hyomandibula bone

• Hyoid Bone (Tongue Bone) :- It is U shaped bone present at the base of buccal cavity between the larynx and mandible. It keeps the larynx open.

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