Describe the struggle of Hyder Ali and Tipu Sultan against the British.
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Answer:
Hyder Ali , Haidarālī (c. 1720 – 7 December 1782) was the Sultan and de facto ruler of the Kingdom of Mysore in southern India. Born as Sayyid wal Sharif Hyder Ali Khan,[2] he distinguished himself militarily, eventually drawing the attention of Mysore's rulers. Rising to the post of Dalavayi (commander-in-chief) to Krishnaraja Wodeyar II, he came to dominate the titular monarch and the Mysore government. He became the de facto ruler of Mysore as Sarvadhikari (Chief Minister) by 1761.[2] He offered strong resistance against the military advances of the British East India Company during the First and Second Anglo–Mysore Wars, and he was the innovator of military use of the iron-cased Mysorean rockets. He also significantly developed Mysore's economy.
Hyder Ali
Nawab
Dalavayi of Mysore
Shams-ul-mulk
Amir-ud-daulah
Haidar Ali commandant en chef des Mahrattes gravure 1762.jpg
According to French accounts, the Marathas conspired to make Hyder Ali their leader in the year 1762.
Sultan of Mysore
Reign
1761–1782
Predecessor
Krishnaraja Wodeyar II
Successor
Tipu Sultan
Born
c. 1720
Budikote, Kolar, Karnataka
Died
7 December 1782[1] (aged 60–61)
Chittoor, Andhra Pradesh, India
Burial
Srirangapatna, Karnataka
12°24′36″N 76°42′50″E
Full name
Nawab Sayyid walSharif Hyder Ali Khan Bahadur
House
Mysore
Father
Fath Muhammad
Mother
Lal Bi
Religion
Islam
Military career
Allegiance
Mughal Empire de facto subject of the Great Moghul (1758-1765)
Sultan of Mysore in 1766
Service/branch
Mysore
Rank
Sepoy, Ispahsalar, Nawab,
(later "Sultan" in 1766)
Battles/wars
Mughal-Maratha Wars
Carnatic Wars
Seven Years' War
Mysore's campaigns against the states of Malabar (1757)
Mysorean invasion of Kerala
Maratha–Mysore War
First Anglo-Mysore War
Second Anglo-Mysore War
Though illiterate, Hyder Ali earned an important place in the history of southern India for his administrative acumen and military skills. He concluded an alliance with the French against the British and used the services of French workmen in raising his artillery and arsenal. His rule of Mysore was characterised by frequent warfare with his neighbours and rebellion within his territories. This was not unusual for the time as much of the Indian subcontinent was then in turmoil. He left his eldest son, Tipu Sultan, an extensive kingdom bordered by the Krishna River in the north, the Eastern Ghats in the east and the Arabian Sea in the west.[3]
Abstract. During the second half of the eighteenth century, the first Muslim rulers of Mysore—Haidar 'Ali (c. 1720-82) and his son Tipu Sultan (c. 1750-99)—were amongst the first South and West Asian rulers to unleash a process of administrative, socio-economic and military protomodernisation.