describe the struggle of nelson mandela from a prisoner to africa's black president
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Nelson 18 July 1918 – 5 December 2013) was a South African anti-apartheid revolutionary, political leader and philanthropist who served as President of South Africa from 1994 to 1999. He was the country's first black head of state and the first elected in a fully representative democratic election. His government focused on dismantling the legacy of apartheid by tackling institutionalised racism and fostering racial reconciliation. Ideologically an African nationalist and socialist, he served as the president of the African National Congress (ANC) party from 1991 to 1997.
His Excellency
Nelson Mandela
OMP SBG SBS CLS DMG MMS MMB
Portrait photograph of a 76-year-old President Mandela
Mandela in Washington, D.C. in 1994
1st President of South Africa
In office
10 May 1994 – 16 June 1999
Deputy
Thabo Mbeki
F. W. de Klerk
Preceded by
F. W. de Klerk (State Pres.)
Succeeded by
Thabo Mbeki
11th President of the
African National Congress
In office
7 July 1991 – 20 December 1997
Deputy
Walter Sisulu
Thabo Mbeki
Preceded by
Oliver Tambo
Succeeded by
Thabo Mbeki
19th Secretary General of the
Non-Aligned Movement
In office
2 September 1998 – 16 June 1999
Preceded by
Andrés Pastrana Arango
Succeeded by
Thabo Mbeki
Personal details
Born
Rolihlahla Mandela
18 July 1918
Mvezo, Cape Province, Union of South Africa (now Eastern Cape)
Died
5 December 2013 (aged 95)
Johannesburg, Gauteng, Republic of South Africa
Resting place
Mandela Graveyard
Qunu, Eastern Cape, South Africa
Political party
African National Congress
Other political
affiliations
South African Communist
Spouse(s)
Evelyn Ntoko Mase
(m. 1944; div. 1958)
Winnie Madikizela
(m. 1958; div. 1996)
Graça Machel (m. 1998)
Children
7, including Makgatho, Makaziwe, Zenani, Zindziswa and Josina (step-daughter)
Parents
Nosekeni Fanny (mother)
Gadla Henry Mphakanyiswa (father)
Alma mater
University of Fort Hare
University of London
University of South Africa
University of the Witwatersrand
Occupation
Activist politician philanthropist lawyer
Known for
Internal resistance to apartheid
Awards
Sakharov Prize (1988)
Bharat Ratna (1990)
Nishan-e-Pakistan (1992)
Nobel Peace Prize (1993)
Lenin Peace Prize (1990)
Presidential Medal of Freedom
(more.)
Website
Official website
Nickname(s)
Madiba Dalibunga
Writing career
Notable works
Long Walk to Freedom
A Xhosa speaker, Mandela was born to the Thembu royal family in Mvezo, Union of South Africa. He studied law at the University of Fort Hare and the University of Witwatersrand before working as a lawyer in Johannesburg. There he became involved in anti-colonial and African nationalist politics, joining the ANC in 1943 and co-founding its Youth League in 1944. After the National Party's white-only government established apartheid, a system of racial segregation that privileged whites, he and the ANC committed themselves to its overthrow. Mandela was appointed president of the ANC's Transvaal branch, rising to prominence for his involvement in the 1952 Defiance Campaign and the 1955 Congress of the People. He was repeatedly arrested for seditious activities and was unsuccessfully prosecuted in the 1956 Treason Trial. Influenced by Marxism, he secretly joined the banned South African Communist Party (SACP). Although initially committed to non-violent protest, in association with the SACP he co-founded the militant Umkhonto we Sizwe in 1961 and led a sabotage campaign against the government. He was arrested and imprisoned in 1962, and subsequently sentenced to life imprisonment for conspiring to overthrow the state following the Rivonia Trial.
Mandela served 27 years in prison, split between