describe the technique to find a cell
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Answer:
cells cannot be seen through naked eye . it can only be seen through microscope
Answer:
Near-field scanning optical microscopy
Near-field scanning optical microscopy (NSOM) allows for the visualization of nanoscale features in a specimen by surpassing the diffraction limit, which in conventional light microscopy prevents the resolution of structures that lie close together (generally, less than half the wavelength of the light used to image them, or about 200 nm for the shortest wavelengths of visible light). In NSOM, to resolve features below the diffraction limit, light waves are emitted very near to the specimen’s surface (hence the term near-field). Although limited to the study of specimen (e.g., cell) surfaces, NSOM can achieve lateral resolutions of about 20 nm and axial (vertical) resolutions in the range of 2 to 5 nm. Because it resolves features below the diffraction limit, it is considered a type of superresolution microscopy.
Atomic-force microscopy
Atomic-force microscopy (AFM) allows for very high surface resolution of samples, providing researchers with information about surface features. AFM works by dragging a sharp tip (only a few atoms wide) over the sample surface and measuring the force between the tip and the sample surface. The resulting signal can be translated into a description of the surface topography, and the surface-force scan can be converted to produce a three-dimensional image of the sample surface. In the biological sciences, AFM has been used to investigate cell behavior and cell-cell interactions, as well as to evaluate certain cell-surface characteristics.
Laser-scanning confocal microscopy
Laser-scanning confocal microscopy allows for deep imaging of biological specimens and eliminates or reduces information from areas beyond the focal plane, resulting in the production of sharply defined images. The development of the first laser scanning confocal microscope in the late 1960s and early 1970s marked a major advance in microscopy. The continued development of laser technology, detectors and filters, and fluorescent chemicals that attach to highly specific targets in cells and tissues has made confocal microscopy a key tool in biological research
Structured-illumination microscopy
Structured-illumination microscopy (SIM), another superresolution technique, was developed as a means of improving the illumination and imaging capabilities of wide-field microscopes (microscopes with relatively large fields of view). This is accomplished by using Fourier transforms to reconstruct and digitally filter spatially incoherent fluorescent emissions detected from a sample. Fourier transformation produces images of samples at resolutions that surpass the diffraction limit.
Selective plane illumination microscopy/light-sheet fluorescence microscopy
In selective plane illumination microscopy (SPIM)/light-sheet fluorescence microscopy (LSFM), only the focused plane of a sample is illuminated, allowing for the optical sectioning of specimens in the axial (vertical) direction. Combined with fluorescence microscopy techniques, SPIM/LSFM enables researchers to visualize specimens in real-time and at high resolution and sample depth without causing photodamage. SPIM/LSFM frequently is used for time-lapse imaging of live cells and whole-tissue specimens, such as embryos.
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