Describe The types of electronic spectroscopy
Answers
Answer :
Solution for text :
Types of Electronic Spectroscopy are :
- X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy,
- Auger electron spectroscopy,
- Electron energy loss spectroscopy, and
- Ultraviolet photoelectron Spectroscopy.
★X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy :
X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) is a surface-sensitive quantitative spectroscopic technique based on the photoelectric effect that can identify the elements that exist within a material (elemental composition) or are covering its surface, as well as their chemical state, and the overall electronic structure and density of the electronic states in the material.
★Auger electron spectroscopy :
Auger electron spectroscopy (AES) is a common analytical technique used specifically in the study of surfaces and, more generally, in the area of materials science.
★Electron energy loss spectroscopy :
In electron energy loss spectroscopy (EELS) a material is exposed to a beam of electrons with a known, narrow range of kinetic energies. Some of the electrons will undergo inelastic scattering, which means that they lose energy and have their paths slightly and randomly deflected.
★Ultraviolet photoelectron spectroscopy :
Ultraviolet photoelectron spectroscopy (UPS) refers to the measurement of kinetic energy spectra of photoelectrons emitted by molecules which have absorbed ultraviolet photons, in order to determine molecular orbital energies in the valence region.
Solution For image :
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Explanation:
Electronic spectroscopy is widely used to detect environmental contamination. Environmental applications of electronic spectroscopy involve challenging analytical problems. Both qualitative identification and quantitative determination are performed for analytes which may occur at concentrations ranging from parts per hundred to parts per quadrillion. The analytes occur in a very wide range of matrices. Electronic spectroscopy consists of monitoring the absorption of light by the sample or monitoring the emission of light, often after excitation of the sample by an appropriate light source or laser beam. Both inorganic and organic analytes can be detected. Real-world samples are often complex mixtures, and therefore environmental applications may involve coupling a separation technique with electronic spectroscopy. Separation techniques include liquid chromatography (LC), gas chromatography (GC), high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), capillary electrophoresis (CE), and immunochemical analysis. Emerging techniques include the increasing use of hybrid techniques and the development of highly parallel detection instruments.