describe the types of iron depending upon its purity and impurities tabulate your answer
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PROPERTIES OF HIGH.PURITY IRON
By Harold E. Cleaves and John M. Hiegel
ABSTRACT
Results are recorded of new determinations of the workability, microstructure,
density, and the thermal, mechanical, electrical, and magnetic properties of
high-purity iron, in which the maximum amount of an individual impurity was 0.004 percent and the total of impurities in any specimen was 0.01 percent or less.
CONTENTS
Page
I. Introduction __ ____________ _____________ ____ ________________ . __ 673
II. Hot- and cold-working characteristics ____________________________ 645
III. 11icrostructure ________________________________________________ 646
IV. Density ____________ ___ _____ _______ _________ ___ ___ _____________ 648
V. Thermal properties ____ ________________________________ ___ ____ __ 648
1. Freezing point ________________ _____________ _____________ 648
2. Alpha-gamma transformation_ _ _ _ _ _ __ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 649
3. Thermal expansion _______ _______________________________ 653
VI. 11echanical properties_____ ___ _ _ _ __ _ _ _ __ _ _ _ __ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 656
1. Tensile properties _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 656
2. Identation hardness _____________ _________________ ______ __ 659
3. Modulus of elasticity ____________________________________ 660
VII. Electrical properties _________________________ ___________________ 661
1. Resistivity _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 661
2. Temperature coefficient of resistivity _________ ___ ___________ 661
3. Thermal electromotive force _________ _____________________ 663
VIII. 11agnetic properties__ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __ _ _ __ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 663
1. 11agnetic saturation induction ______ ___ ___ ________________ 664
2. Coercivity and maximum permeability _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 664 lJe. Summary ____________________________________________ __ _______ 666
Je. References __________________________________________________ . _ 667
I. INTRODUCTION
Ferrous materials, from cast iron to complex alloy steels, are essen-
tially impure irons, and their properties are the properties of the
basic material, iron, modified by the presence of alloying elements
and impurities or by factors such as heat treatment and mechanical
work. Throughout the history of fe1'l'ous metallurgy, knowledge of
the properties of "pure iron" has been regarded as essential to an
understanding of the effects of different factors on the properties of
known metals and to indicate the possibilities and limitations of new
alloys or combinations. The need for accurate information is greater
today than ever before to meet the demands for greater reliability
and for improved or new properties in ferrous materials.
- However, the term iron is used for different materials which contain a high percentage of iron in elemental form. These materials are categorized as (i) pure iron, (ii) wrought iron, (iii) cast iron, (iv) pig iron, and (v) direct reduced iron.