describe the urine formation in kidneys
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Explanation:
The kidneys filter unwanted substances from the blood and produce urine to excrete them. There are three main steps of urine formation: glomerular filtration, reabsorption, and secretion. These processes ensure that only waste and excess water are removed from the body.
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The process of urine formation in kidneys include the following steps:
(i) Glomerular filtration
(ii) Tubular reabsorption
(iii) Tubular secretion
(i) Glomerular filtration - Urine formation begins when the fluid portion of the blood is filtered by the glomerulus and enters the Bowman's capsule as glomerular filtrate. The afferent arteriole entering the glomerulous is wider than the efferent arteriole in diameter.This increases the blood pressure within the glomerulous helping in filtration. Glomerular filtrate is formed of all blood constituents except corpuscles and plasma proteins.
(ii) Tubular reabsorption - When the glomerular filtrate comes to the proximal tubule then the nutrients essential for body is reabsorbed from the filtrate. Glucose, amino acids, water, ions like sodium, potassium, chloride, bicarbonate, magnesium, calcium are reabsorbed from the glomerular filtrate as it flows trough the proximal tubule, loop of Henle and distal tubule. When the filtrate finally comes to the collecting duct ADH (anti diuretic hormone) acts and reabsorbes the excess water and decreses the urine volume.
(iii) Tubular secretion - When the glomerular filtrate is in the proximal tubule cretinine, uric acid are secreted in it.When the filtrate goes to the distal part urea, potasium ion and some hydrogen ions are secreted in it.