Question

Describe the various reasons that led to the French revolution of 1780?
2. Explain the various consequences of the French revolution of 1789?​

Answer 1

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1) Reasons :-

The reasons which led to the outbreak of revolutionary protest in France were a combination of social, economic, political and Intellectual circumstances. These are discussed below (i) Social The social order consisted of many inequalities. The privileged classes were the clergy and noblemen, the First and Second Estate respectively. They were exempt from paying taxes. The rest of the citizens belonged to the Third Estate and constituted the majority of the population.They did not have any political rights or social status, but paid all the taxes. So, they were very discontented. (ii) Economic There was a financial crisis as the king's treasury was empty, The king's luxurious style of living and involvement in wars had made France very poor. There was no money to feed the poor when there was a bad crop. (iii) Political The king ruled like an autocrat and the people had no voice in any decisions. The Estates General (French Parliament) had not been convened for many years. The administration was inefficient, corrupt and disorganized. (iv) Intellectual At that time a number of philosophers refuted the theory of the divine right of kings to rule. They proclaimed a doctrine of sovereignty of the people and equality of all men. They stoked the fires of discontent by exposing the evil actions of the king and nobility.

2)The Consequences of the French Revolution within France were as follows:

(a) Feudalism was destroyed and all the laws of the Old Regime were can­celled.

(b) The lands of the Church and the nobles were confiscated and these were bought by the middle classes who now became politically powerful.

(c) All privileged classes were abolished.

(d) Capitalism became the new economic system.

(e) The word ‘nation’ was given a new meaning which stressed on the people being the source of all power and authority. The nation was sovereign and no foreign power had authority to interfere in its internal matters.

(f) The Jacobins gave to all, the right to vote and to revolt, and to have their grievances settled.

(g) Slavery was abolished in all French colonies.

(h) In 1792, all non-propertied classes (workers, peasants, artisans) were given equal political rights.

(i) The ideas of social equality and socialism became popular.

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Answer 2

Answer:

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Explanation: