Describe the Village policing System.
Answers
Explanation:
The overall police strength of India is around 25 lakh. Of these about five lakh are armed policemen and the rest are civil policemen. The former are usually kept in reserve and deployed in cases of large-scale breakdown in public order. The number of civil policemen per lakh of population for India as a whole is 155.
A huge addition to the force has happened in last few years for the country to reach this number. Even the sanctioned police strength of most states is well below the world average in terms number of civil police personnel per lakh population. While Tamil Nadu, Nagaland and Kerala employ some policemen in excess of sanctioned strength, in general, there is a shortfall.
The extent of deficit compared to the sanctioned strength runs up to 55% in various States. The worst deficit is Uttar Pradesh, which has a shortfall of 2 lakh policemen compared to its sanctioned strength of 377,000 policemen. UP also happens to top in many of the Indian Penal Code crimes in the country. Bihar is perhaps the least policed state with the number of policemen at 70 per lakh people.
The consequence is that the existing policemen have to work much longer than the normal eight duty hours per day. Worse still, they have to often forgo weekly off and some times they do not get a single day off in a whole month. Such conditions are unthinkable in any organized sector in the country barring the armed forces. The police also lack mobility, as the number of vehicles with the police force is limited.
Rural policing
It is difficult to lay hands on authentic data on police personnel and system pertaining to rural India or the data on rural crimes.
Rural policing in Maharashtra and Gujarat follows an interesting pattern. Till well after Independence, each village had an honorary position of Police Patil (in Gujarat, Patel). The Patil was usually a well built, macho looking man with big moustache whose very presence would inspire a little awe in the eyes of the onlooker. Not surprisingly, he would typically be from a high, typically martial caste.
I remember meeting a retired Police Patel in Moti Dhariyal, a village in Chanasma taluk of Mehsana district in Gujarat. I did the fieldwork for my PhD there in 1987. Though of an advanced age, he was an imposing man, a patriarch, with large pointed moustaches. When I explained the purpose of my visit, all he had to do was to send his servant and call out 20-30 men. They gathered in 15-20 minutes. He simply told them to fix time with me and give me all the information I needed. I had no trouble at all. His word was like a command.
Deterrence is key
Deterrence was the key principle in administering law and order in the village and these high-caste, landed Police Patils fitted the role to perfection. I am told that in North India the equivalent is called Village Guard or a Chowkidar. That very term seems to deflate the position of its deterrent value. The terms invoke very different image: from the awe inspiring imposing Police Patil whose mere loud voice can scare the pants off a petty criminal, to the dissipated looking man sheepishly hanging on the lips of his urban superior!
But the reality could be different. These police Patils are expected to be well versed in all goings on in their village. They are supervised by the SHO of the Police Station, which may be located miles away in a nearby block town. The SHO in turn reports to the District Officer in charge of Rural Policing and he to the District Superintendent.
The village policing system:
- Police continue to ensure sure legislation is followed. It must also guarantee peace and stability in the country. For through village the police stations are present. Typically, a single police station encompasses several villages.
- Station House Officer (SHO): The Station House Officer presides over a police station. In other phrases, the SHO is the police station's in-charge. The grievances are reported at SHO. Complaints are typically registered as FIR (First Report of Information).
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