Question

Describe trends of poverty in india since 1960-61 and
give it's graphical presentation​

Answer 1

Answer:

In 1960-61, 40 per cent of the rural population and 50 per cent of the urban population lived below the poverty line, that is with diets inadequate even in respect of calories. During the eight years from 1960-61 to 1968-69, the per capita consumer expenditure increased by 4.8 per cent or by about half a per cent per annum. It is obvious that this could make little impression on poverty unless the poorer sections profited proportionately more than the average and much more so than the rich. A superficial examination and comparison of the National Sample Survey estimates of consumer expenditure in 1960-61 and 1967-68, as is commonly done, gives an impression that the inequalities in the distribution of consumer expenditure have narrowed down during the past decade. Unfortunately this is not true. The NSS estimates of consumption in 1967-68 are gross underestimates and the underestimation is particularly serious in the case of consumption of the upper-middle and the richer sections. Even a conservative correction of the NSS estimates on this account makes it clear that the small gains of development during the past decade have been very unequally distributed and the gulf between the rich and the poor has widened. The Planning Commission has meanwhile directed its attention exclusively to achieving a high rate of growth. Its perspective for the coming decade is that the national income will be doubled in the 12 years from 1968-69 to 1980-81 and that the per capita consumer expenditure will rise by 42 per cent. Further, it smugly assumes that benefits of