describe unification of Italy.
Answers
Political fragmentation of Italy: Italy had a long history of political fragmentation. Italy was divided into seven states during the middle of the 19th century. Of these states, only Sardinia-Piedmont was ruled by an Italian Princely House. At that time, North Italy was under the rule of Austrian Habsburg, the central region was ruled by Pope and the southern part was ruled by Bourbon kings if Spain.
Role of Giuseppe Mazzini: During 1830s, Giuseppe Mazzini had tried to unite Italy. He formed the secret society called Young Italy. But both the uprisings of 1831 and 1848 failed.
Role of Count Camilo De Cavour: The unification of Italy was a result of many wars. Chief minister Cavour made a tactful diplomatic alliance with France, and succeeded in defeating the Austrian forces in 1859.
Role of Giuseppe Garibaldi: A large number of armed volunteers under the leadership of Garibaldi joined the unification movement. In 1860, the marched to the South Italy and the kingdom of two Sicilies. They succeeded to drive out the Spanish rulers with the help of local people
Conclusion: In 1861, Victor Emmanuel II was proclaimed as the king of United Italy
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Unification of Italy
point wise. ncert lines
- Like Germany, Italy too had a long history of political fragmentation.
- Italians were scattered over several dynastic states as well as multi-national Habsburg Empire.
- Italy was divided into seven states.
- Italian language had not acquired one common form and still had many regional and local variation.
- Giuseppe Mazzini had sought to put together a coherent programme for a unitary Italian republic.
- Young Italy for the dissemination of his goals.
- The failure of revolutionary uprising both in 1831 and 1848 meant that the mantle now fell on Sardinia-Piedmont under its ruler king Victor Emmanuel II to unify the Italian states through war.
- economic development and political dominance.
- Cavour was neither a revolutionary nor a democrat.
- Italian population, among whom rates of literacy were high, remained blisfully unaware of Liberal-Nationalist ideology.
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