Describe various gaseous law of combination with examples
Answers
The combined gas law combines the three gas laws: Boyle's Law, Charles' Law, and Gay-Lussac's Law. It states that the ratio of the product of pressure and volume and the absolute temperature of a gas is equal to a constant. When Avogadro's law is added to the combined gas law, the ideal gas law results. Unlike the named gas laws, the combined gas law doesn't have an official discoverer. It is simply a combination of the other gas laws that works when everything except temperature, pressure, and volume are held constant.
There are a couple of common equations for writing the combined gas law. The classic law relates Boyle's law and Charles' law to state:
PV/T = k
where P = pressure, V = volume, T = absolute temperature (Kelvin), and k = constant.
The constant k is a true constant if the number of moles of the gas doesn't change. Otherwise, it varies.
Another common formula for the combined gas law relates "before and after" conditions of a gas:
P1V1 / T1 = P2V2 / T2
Example
Find the volume of a gas at STP when 2.00 liters is collected at 745.0 mm Hg and 25.0 degrees Celsius.
To solve the problem, you first need to identify which formula to use. In this case, the question asks about conditions at STP, so you know you're dealing with a "before and after" problem. Next, you need to understand STP. If you haven't memorized this already (and you probably should, since it appears a lot), STP refers to "standard temperature and pressure," which is 273 Kelvin and 760.0 mm Hg.
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Imagine you are a diver, and you begin your dive with lungs full of air. As you go deeper under water, the pressure you experience in your lungs increases. When this happens, the air inside your lungs gets squished, so the volume decreases. This is an example of Boyle's law in action, which states that the higher the pressure (P), the lower the volume (V), as shown in this image. Here, kis any constant number.
Have you ever tried putting a balloon in the refrigerator and notice that it shrinks? As the temperature of the refrigerated balloon decreases, the volume of the gas inside the balloon also decreases. When you take the balloon out of the refrigerator, it reverts to its original size, so the opposite is also true; when the temperature increases, the volume also increases. The shrinking balloon serves as a demonstration of Charles' law, which states that the higher the temperature (T), the higher the volume (V).
Imagine yourself driving down a road, which can cause the temperature to increase within your tires. As a result, the air inside the tires expands, and the pressure increases. This is an example of Gay-Lussac's law, which shows the relationship between pressure (P) and temperature (T) when the volume remains constant; as the temperature increases, the pressure also increases.
When we put Boyle's law, Charles' law, and Gay-Lussac's law together, we come up with the combined gas law, which shows that:
Pressure is inversely proportional to volume, or higher volume equals lower pressure.Pressure is directly proportional to temperature, or higher temperature equals higher pressure.Volume is directly proportional to temperature, or higher temperature equals higher volume.
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