Describe water resources of Balochistan plateau. please don't scam please i request you
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Baluchistan lies in the desert belt between 25° N and 32° N. It has an arid to semi-arid climate, and water resources are limited compared to other provinces of Pakistan. The main sources of water on which people depend are springs, streams, rivers and karezes. In most of the area, karezes were persistent and sufficient water was available to meet requirements. But with the widespread introduction of tubewell technology, many karezes dried because of overexploitation. Tubewells helped to increase cropping intensities and yields, but overexploitation led to mining of groundwater, especially near large cities. Baluchistan's annual surface water allocation by the National Water Accord is about 5 billion m3, which is not sufficient to meet crop water requirements; groundwater is being used to augment it. Uncontrolled installation of numerous public and private tubewells has resulted in groundwater mining.
Rainfall is scanty and unevenly distributed. About 50 percent of the area is irrigated through sailaba (flooding) and khushkaba (water harvesting), the other 50 percent through canals, karezes, springs and tubewells. Monitoring has revealed a fall in groundwater levels in many areas, indicating groundwater mining. Investigations have shown that there are some groundwater resources that can be exploited, because the water varies from good to marginal and can be used for irrigation.
Groundwater-management problems include poor governance and lack of commitment from the public and private sectors. Development and management of groundwater can be improved by controlling overexploitation, introducing legislation and strengthening institutions. Measures have been taken to recharge groundwater, including delayed-action dams, development of ponds, dikes and check dams and rehabilitation of karezes; these need further improvements. Watershed management can play a significant role in improving water resources.
A groundwater development and conservation authority should be established to improve water management, groundwater investigations should be given priority, groundwater mining should be controlled and recharge techniques and efficient technologies such as sprinkler/drip systems should be introduced. There is a need for more research. An integrated surface and groundwater management programme should be introduced.
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