Describe Zabt and Zamindar system of mughals
Answers
A zamindar in the Indian subcontinent was an aristocrat. The term means land owner in Persian. Typically hereditary, zamindars held enormous tracts of land and control over their peasants, from whom they reserved the right to collect tax on behalf of imperial courts or for military purposes. Their families carried titular suffixes of lordship. During the Mughal Empire, zamindars belonged to the nobility and formed the ruling class. Emperor Akbar granted them mansabs and their ancestral domains were treated as jagirs. Under British colonial rule in India, the permanent settlement consolidated what became known as the zamindari system. The British rewarded supportive zamindars by recognising them as princes. Many of the region's princely states were pre-colonial zamindar holdings elevated to a greater protocol. However, the British also reduced the land holdings of many pre-colonial princely states and chieftaincy, demoting their status to a zamindar from previously higher ranks of nobility.
On the other hand, A major Mughal reform introduced by Akbar was a new land revenue system called zabt. He replaced the tribute system, previously common in India and used by Tokugawa Japan at the time, with a monetary tax system based on a uniform currency. The revenue system was biased in favour of higher value cash crops such as cotton, indigo, sugar cane, tree-crops, and opium, providing state incentives to grow cash crops, in addition to rising market demand. Under the zabt system, the Mughals also conducted extensive cadastral surveying to assess the area of land under plow cultivation, with the Mughal state encouraging greater land cultivation by offering tax-free periods to those who brought new land under cultivation. The expansion of agriculture and cultivation continued under later Mughal emperors including Aurangzeb, whose 1665 firman edict stated: "the entire elevated attention and desires of the Emperor are devoted to the increase in the population and cultivation of the Empire and the welfare of the whole peasantry and the entire people.
Answer:
Zamindars are headmen or local chieftains called zamindars by Mughals to whom peasants paid taxes. Zabt is a revenue system in which there is a survey of crop yield,prices and areas for 10 years. ... This system is not followed in Bengal and Gujarat but is in Mughal administration.
Explanation:
Complete step by step solution:
Zabt was a revenue system which was introduced during the Mughal period. Most of the people in the medieval period depended on agriculture both for food and riches. Any kingdom’s prosperity depended on the riches of the ruler. These riches mainly came from the taxes collected from farmers for agriculture. So for a proper flow of collection of taxes, Mughals appointed zamindars for tax collections or revenue on land. This tax was known as Zabt.
Farmers paid taxes to their local chiefs or heads and those heads paid the same to their ruler workings as a link between the farmers and rulers. Each crop had a different revenue cost. This system also included taking careful surveys of crops and fields and prices cultivated for a 10 year period. On the basis of this, the prices of each crop were fixed beforehand. Provinces all over were divided into revenue circles having their own rates for different crops. This system helped to keep accounts. This system was applied in northern India, Malwa and some parts of Gujarat. This revenue system boosted rapid economic expansion. This is how moneylenders increasingly became active. Todarmal was the finance minister in the court of Akbar at that time and he kept a record of things.