Description of the theories involved in water and food transport in plants.
Answers
Explanation
Transport of Water in Plants
The amount of energy required by plants is lower compared to that of animals, hence there is a requirement of slower transportation. In plants, a continuous tube-like structure, composed of vascular tissues, called xylem and phloem are two modes of transportation.
In all higher plants, the water molecules travel in upwards direction through the xylem tissue and the phloem is involved in transporting synthesized food to other parts of the plant. The movement of water and other nutrients from one part of a plant to another is called translocation. Water gets absorbed by osmosis while minerals by active transport. The method used in the upward movement of water through the xylem is determined by the cohesion-tension theory.
Here the driving force of transport is transpiration. In this process, cohesion is responsible for driving more water through the xylem and excess water molecules are pulled up by the pulling force which later evaporates through the tiny pores of stomata.
Transport of Nutrients in Plants
As we all knew plants could not live on water and sugar alone. They do need nutrients that they could not produce by themselves, hence they derive from the soil. Macro and micronutrients are transported through the vascular tissue. In this process, Roots absorb nutrients from the soil and transport through the xylem while the phloem takes care of the organic molecules. Nutrients are transferred to different plant parts, such as new leaves or branches.Exchange of gases in Plants
Plants exchange gases through their leaves. During the daytime, plants consume carbon dioxide for photosynthesis and release oxygen as a byproduct which is used for Aerobic respiration. During night plants consume oxygen required for their respiration and releases carbon dioxide.
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