Desertification caused due to shifting cultivation
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The World Resources Institute estimates that more than 50 percent of the earth’s natural forests have already been destroyed (Hermosilla 2000). The United Nations Environment Programme (2009) states that “forests cover 30 per cent of the planet’s total land area. The total forested area in 2005 was just under 4 billion hectares” As a result a United Nations report has stated that “deforestation and forest degradation are widely recognized as one of the most critical environmental problems facing human society, with serious long-term economic, social and ecological consequences” (UN 1999).
The causes of deforestation are widely debated and are attributed to many causes such as over population and urbanisation such as new settlements and transport extensions (Geist and Lambin, 2002). However one of the main causes of deforestation is attributed to agriculture.
The ‘arc of deforestation’ along the southern and eastern extent of the Brazilian Amazon is the most active land-use frontier in the world in terms of total forest loss” (Morton et al, 2006) and “Globally, the main forest conversion process in the humid tropics was the transformation of closed, open, or fragmented forests to agriculture”
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