Destinguish temporary and permanent hardness. Write two methods for the removal of temporary and permanenthardness
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Temporary hardness:
1)Temporary hardness of water is caused by the presence of bicarbonates of calcium, magnesium and other heavy metals and bicarbonates of iron.
2)It can be largely removed by boiling when bicarbonates are decomposited yielding insoluble carbonates on hydroids.
3)It is also known as carbonate or alkaline hardness.
Permanent hardness:
1)it is due to the presence of dissolved chlorides,and sulphates of calcium, magnesium,iron and other heavy metals.
2) It's hardness cannot be removed from boiling.
3)It is also known as non-carbonate or non-alkaline hardness.
Permanent hardness of water can be a removed by the following ways:
- By the use of soda
- By the Base-Exchange Process
Temporary hardness of water can be removed by:
- by boiling : when it is boiled bicarbonates of calcium and magnesium decompose to form insoluble Calcium and Magnesium.
- by Clark process : this is used on a commercial scale in this process calculated amount of lime is added.
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