Detect the presence of chlorine atom in a given organic compound p
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The common test used to detect the presence of halogens in the organic compounds is the Lassaigne’s test.
In this method, acidification reaction is done by using nitric acid on sodium fusion extract. The product formed is NaCl, which gets the chlorine from the organic compound. This is treated with silver nitrate (AgNO₃) and forms a white precipitate of silver chloride (AgCl). This precipitate can be dissolved in ammonium hydroxide. This NaOH-soluble white precipitate indicates the presence of chlorine.
The reactions for this Lassaigne’s test is given below:-
Na + Cl → NaCl
NaCl + AgNO₃ → AgCl + NaNO₃
AgCl + 2NH₄OH → [Ag (NH₃)₂] Cl + 2H₂O
Sulphur or nitrogen present in the organic compounds can be expelled by boiling the extract. It is important to expel them as the presence of sulphur or nitrogen may hinder the detecting of halogens.
In this method, acidification reaction is done by using nitric acid on sodium fusion extract. The product formed is NaCl, which gets the chlorine from the organic compound. This is treated with silver nitrate (AgNO₃) and forms a white precipitate of silver chloride (AgCl). This precipitate can be dissolved in ammonium hydroxide. This NaOH-soluble white precipitate indicates the presence of chlorine.
The reactions for this Lassaigne’s test is given below:-
Na + Cl → NaCl
NaCl + AgNO₃ → AgCl + NaNO₃
AgCl + 2NH₄OH → [Ag (NH₃)₂] Cl + 2H₂O
Sulphur or nitrogen present in the organic compounds can be expelled by boiling the extract. It is important to expel them as the presence of sulphur or nitrogen may hinder the detecting of halogens.
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