Question

determination of the number of chromosomes in the karyotype​

Answer 1

The determination of the number of chromosomes in the karyotype is called Chromosomal analysis or Karyotyping.

• Chromosome analysis, also known as karyotyping, is a test that assesses a person's chromosome number and structure in order to find anomalies.
• Chromosomes are thread-like structures that contain the body's genetic blueprint and are found within each cell nucleus.
• Thousands of genes are located in particular regions on each chromosome.
• These genes determine a person's physical traits and have a significant impact on growth, development, and function.
• Humans have 46 chromosomes, which are divided into 23 pairs. Twenty-two pairs (autosomes) are found in both sexes, and one pair (sex chromosomes) is present as XY (in men) or XX (in females) (in females).
• Except for reproductive cells (eggs and sperm), which have a half set of 23 chromosomes, all cells in the body with a nucleus should have a complete set of the same 46 chromosomes.
• This half set represents the genetic inheritance that will be passed down to future generations. In the growing baby, half sets of chromosomes from each parent unite during conception to generate a new set of 46 chromosomes.
• A chromosomal karyotyping analyses a person's chromosomes to see if the correct number of them are present and if each one appears to be normal.
• While practically any cells might theoretically be used for testing, it is most commonly done on amniotic fluid to examine a foetus and lymphocytes (a kind of white blood cell) from a blood sample to test all other ages.
• White blood cells can also be retrieved via bone marrow aspirations to check for changes in those who have been diagnosed with hematologic or lymphoid disorders (e.g., leukaemia, lymphoma, myeloma, refractory anaemia).