Developments in Germany, Austria- Hungry
Write about following topic in 500 words
Chapter:- Europe from 1815-1850
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Answer:
At the Congress of Vienna in 1815, in the aftermath of the Napoleonic Era, Europe's leaders worked to reorganize Europe and create a stable balance of power. After that Congress, The Austrian diplomat Metternich would call several more congresses to try and preserve European stability: the Congress of Aix-la-Chapelle (1818), the Congress of Troppau (1820), and the Congress of Verona (1822). The Congress System that Metternich established was Reactionary, that is, its goal was to preserve the power of the old, monarchical regimes in Europe.
Revolution was brewing, however. In Britain, the Industrial Revolution continued to accelerate, causing economic transformations that had serious political and social implications. All across Europe, and especially in France and Britain, the rising Bourgeoisie class challenged the old monarchical Reactionaries with their Liberal ideology. "Isms" abounded. Ideologies such as Radicalism, Republicanism, and Socialism rounded into coherent form. In response to events like the 1819 Peterloo Massacre, worker consciousness of a class struggle between Proletariat and Bourgeoisie began to emerge. The Bourgeoisie was clearly the ascendant class between 1815 and 1848; the Proletariat began to gain a sense of similar unification.
The Austro-Hungarian Empire was dissolved at the end of World War I, after being defeated. The same thing happened with the German Empire.
The empire was split up into different countries, some part of its territory was taken over by the victorious belligerents.
The Austro-Hungarian Empire was a multinational (multi-ethnic) political entity, where power was shared between the Austrian and Hungarian elites. In its last conception and under the name of Austria-Hungary, it lasted from 1867 to 1918. It was formed after Austria lost the Austro-Prussian war and barely contained a Hungarian rebellion, after which it gave more importance to the Hungarian elites and a bi-national character at the expense of other nationalities such as Poles, Slovenes, Croats, Bohemians, Romanians, Ukrainians, etc.
During the 19th century, the French geopolitical game was to support nationalism as a way of weakening other European powers and both Austria-Hungary and the Ottoman Empire were particularly easy prey to this policy. Several nationalist movements are emerging in the Balkans that are giving birth to the creation of the kingdoms of Serbia, Montenegro, Bulgaria and Romania, among others, at the expense of the Ottomans.
The Austro-Hungarians managed to contain some of this, but got involved in the Balkan booty, even occupying Bosnia. While they managed to avoid dissolution in several nationalities, the problems remained latent.
