Dharavi in Mumbai is the largest slum in the world. Do a case study on the Dharavi slums about 250 words.
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Answer:
Dharavi is a locality in Mumbai, Maharashtra, India, considered to be one of Asia's largest slums.[1][2] Dharavi has an area of just over 2.1 square kilometres (0.81 sq mi; 520 acres)[3] and a population of about 1,000,000. With a population density of over 277,136/km2 (717,780/sq mi), Dharavi is one of the most densely populated areas in the world.
Answer:
Introduction
Dharavi is a locality in Mumbai, Maharashtra, India, considered to be one of Asia's largest slums. Dharavi has an area of just over 2.1 square kilometres and a population of about 1,000,000. With a population density of over 277,136/km2 (717,780/sq mi), Dharavi is one of the most densely populated areas in the world.
History of dharavi
In the 18th century, Dharavi was an island with a predominantly mangrove swamp.[9] It was a sparsely populated village before the late 19th century, inhabited by Koli fishermen.[10][11] Dharavi was then referred to as the village of Koliwada.
Colonial era
In the 1850s, after decades of urban growth under East India Company and British Raj, the city's population reached half a million. The urban area then covered mostly the southern extension of Bombay peninsula, the population density was over 10 times higher than London at that time.
Shanty dwellings next to railway tracks in Dharavi (about 2010). A mosque inside the slum is visible. The railway network provides mass transit to the slum residents.
The most polluting industries were tanneries, and the first tannery moved from peninsular Bombay into Dharavi in 1887. People who worked with leather, typically a profession of lowest Hindu castes and of Muslim Indians, moved into Dharavi. Other early settlers included the Kumbars, a large Gujarati community of potters. The colonial government granted them a 99-year land-lease in 1895. Rural migrants looking for jobs poured into Bombay, and its population soared past 1 million. Other artisans, like the embroidery workers from Uttar Pradesh, started the ready-made garments trade.[10] These industries created jobs, labor moved in, but there was no government effort to plan or invest in any infrastructure in or near Dharavi. The living quarters and small scale factories grew haphazardly, without provision for sanitation, drains, safe drinking water, roads or other basic services. But some ethnic, caste and religious communities that have settled in Dharavi at that time helped build the settlement of Dharavi, by forming organizations and political parties, building school and temples, constructing homes and factories.Dharavi's first mosque, Badi Masjid, started in 1887 and the oldest Hindu temple, Ganesh Mandir, was built in 1913.
Redevelopment plans
A traditional pottery unit in Dharavi.
Street vendors and farmers market along the road passing through Dharavi slum in Mumbai.
There have been many plans since 1997 to redevelop Dharavi like the former slums of Hong Kong such as Tai Hang. In 2004, the cost of redevelopment was estimated to be ₹5,000 crore (US$660 million).[15] Companies from around the world have bid to redevelop Dharavi,[16] including Lehman Brothers, Dubai's Limitless and Singapore's Capitaland Ltd.[16] In 2010, it was estimated to cost ₹15,000 crore (US$2.0 billion) to redevelop.[15]
The latest urban redevelopment plan proposed for the Dharavi area is managed by American-trained architect Mukesh Mehta[10] The plan involves the construction of 2,800,000 square metres (30,000,000 sq ft) of housing, schools, parks and roads to serve the 57,000 families residing in the area, along with 3,700,000 square metres (40,000,000 sq ft) of residential and commercial space for sale.[17] There is still a significant local opposition to the plans, largely because existing residents still feel 33 square metres (350 sq ft) of revised permanent alternate accommodation per tenant is not adequate each. Furthermore, only those families who lived in the area before 2000 are slated for resettlement. Concerns have also been raised by residents who fear that some of their small businesses in the "informal" sector may not be relocated under the redevelopment plan. Due to this opposition, a trust has been proposed called the Dharavi Community Land Trust that will be made up of community members, landowners and neighborhood associations.
Economy
In addition to the traditional pottery and textile industries in Dharavi,there is an increasingly large recycling industry, processing recyclable waste from other parts of Mumbai. Recycling in Dharavi is reported to employ approximately 250,000 people.While recycling is a major industry in the neighborhood, it is also reported to be a source of heavy pollution in the area.The district has an estimated 5,000 businessesand 15,000 single-room factories.Two major suburban railways feed into Dharavi, making it an important commuting station for people in the area going to and from work.
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